Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that commonly affects women of reproductive age. Its prevalence varies quite significantly and its clinical presentation includes: reproductive, metabolic and psychological issues. PCOS develops due to a variety of factors some of which are not yet fully understood. Due to the complexity in the development and presentation of this condition, the management of PCOS in most instances is complicated and involves the combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical interventions. This review discusses the pathogenesis and management of PCOS as means of providing information that would enhance understanding and control of this disease.
Conclusion: Peripartum heart failure is a particular impaired maintenance due to its target population (reproductive age and chilbearing women) and its context. Its support requires close collaboration between several specialists. Its prevention can be considered if the management of certain factors such as anemia and malnutrition is effective in this target population during antenatal consultations. Good coverage of family planning could be beneficial for the prevention and management of recurrence.
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissues outside of the endometrial cavity. It is a benign condition and even though it's pathogenesis is not yet fully understood different theories, such as the Coelomic theory and the theory of Mullerian rest, have been proposed as possible explanations for the development of this pathology. Evidence suggests that women diagnosed with endometriosis presents an increased risk for developing ovarian cancers. Therefore, this review will explore the pathogensis of endometriosis, explore its association with the development of ovarian cancers and identify treatment methods for managing lesions following malignant transformation.
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in China in late 2019 and since then, this disease has become a pandemic affecting many countries across the globe. Due to this outbreak, many researchers have been diligently investigating this disease for the establishment of better methods of its treatment and control. Evidence from research has led to a plethora of valuable but uncertain information on the modes of transmission of COVID-19 and the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 establishes infections in targeted tissues. It is now better understood that in this disease, SARS-CoV-2 gains entrance into cells by specifically binding ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2); ACE-2 serves as a potential receptor for the virus. The lungs, in addition to many other organs and tissues, express ACE-2 in varying degrees. Therefore, this review will examine the role of ACE-2 in COVID-19 and the secondary effects that COVID-19 has on organs that express ACE-2. To this end, it will assist in establishing the relationship between the ACE-2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2, bringing to the forefront the correlation between the symptomatology presentation, as well as the severity of infections experienced with COVID-19. Given this, it may even provide an avenue for the generation of treatment, or create a platform for the enhanced knowledge of this novel virus, and therefore, control, and maybe unravel the mystery for long term complications.
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