a b s t r a c tSynthetic amorphous silica (SAS) like NM-200 is used in a wide variety of technological applications and consumer products. Although SAS has been widely investigated the available reproductive toxicity studies are old and do not cover all requirements of current OECD Guidelines. As part of a CEFIC-LRI project, NM-200 was tested in a two-generation reproduction toxicity study according to OECD guideline 416. Male and female rats were treated by oral gavage with NM-200 at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day for two generations. Body weight and food consumption were measured throughout the study. Reproductive and developmental parameters were measured and at sacrifice (reproductive) organs and tissues were sampled for histopathological analysis. Oral administration of NM-200 up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day had no adverse effects on the reproductive performance of rats or on the growth and development of the offspring into adulthood for two consecutive generations. The NOAEL was 1000 mg/kg body weight per day.
This paper will describe a method that has as purpose closing the gateways that the web bots can use in order to perform automatically a series of on-line operations meant to be fulfilled by the human operators. The applications that benefit from the actual implementation of the solution are either client-to-business or business-to-business web distributed products. The solution refers to protecting the electronic forms embedded into the web pages accessed by the client machines. The implementation can be regarded as a CAPTCHA replacement. Unlike the classical approach to the matter the solution doesn't add any supplementary fields to a web page's content and doesn't require any special skills from the user. Analyzing the vulnerable areas susceptible of being attacked by a series of web-bots leaded to the implementation of the proposed protection method. A series of server side software modules, correlated with some client specific technologies, can offer the guarantee that the web pages displayed onto the client machines are protected against automatic web robots access.
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