ABSTRACT:Tilapia is the second most important cultured species in the world fish culture but it can be affected by parasites. We conducted a cross-sectional parasitic study in tilapia larvae during sexual reversion for two seasons in Costa Rica. A total of 320 larvae from a concrete pond were necropsied and we found ten parasite species: Ichtyobodo sp., Apiosoma sp., Chillodonella sp., Heteropollaria sp., Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Girodactylus sp., Centrocestus sp., lasidies and glochidies (two larval forms). These were classified in five taxonomic groups (two subtypes of protozoa, two metazoan classes and a type of mollusk). Protozoans and monogeneans (except Trichodina sp.) had a higher prevalence in the rainy season, when water had more solid waste, while digeneans and molluscs were more prevalent in the dry season, with different infection dynamics over gills, skin, fins and head.Key words: Prevalence; parasites; Nile tilapia; sex reversal process; Costa Rica. RESUMEN: Parásitos de larvas de tilapia del NiloOreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae) en estanques en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. La tilapia es la segunda especie de cultivo más importante en el mundo de la pesca, pero puede verse afectada por parásitos. Realizamos un estudio transversal de parásitos en larvas de tilapia durante la reversión sexual en dos temporadas en Costa Rica. Un total de 320 larvas de un estanque de concreto fueron necropsiados y encontramos diez especies de parásitos: Ichtyobodo sp., Apiosoma sp., Chillodonella sp., Heteropollaria sp., Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Girodactylus sp., Centrocestus sp., lasidios y gloquidios (dos formas larvarias). Estos se clasifican en cinco grupos taxonómicos (dos subtipos de protozoarios, dos clases de metazoarios y un tipo de molusco). Los protozoarios y monogeneos (excepto Trichodina sp.) tuvieron una mayor prevalencia en la época lluviosa, cuando el agua tenía más residuos sólidos, mientras que los digeneos y moluscos eran más frecuentes en la estación seca, con diferentes dinámicas de infección sobre las branquias, la piel, las aletas y la cabeza.
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