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Please cite this article as: Schut IM, Engelhart D, Pasma JH, Aarts RGKM, Schouten A.C.Compliant support surfaces affect sensory reweighting during balance control.Gait and Posture http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.gaitpost.2017.02.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Netherlands. Corresponding author:I.M.Schut, e-mail: i.m.schut@tudelft.nl Acknowledgements:This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (NeuroSIPE #10737 BalRoom) which is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Declaration of conflicting interest:The authors whose names are listed above certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.*I.M.Schut and D.Engelhart contributed equally to this work. 2 HighlightsStanding on foam yields a support surface rotation and a compliance effect on sensory reweighting.A support surface rotation effect leads to down weighting of proprioceptive information.A compliance effect leads to less sensory reweighting. 3 ABSTRACTTo maintain upright posture and prevent falling, balance control involves the complex interaction between nervous, muscular and sensory systems, such as sensory reweighting. When balance is impaired, compliant foam mats are used in training methods to improve balance control. However, the effect of the compliance of these foam mats on sensory reweighting remains unclear.In this study, eleven healthy subjects maintained standing balance with their eyes open while continuous support surface (SS) rotations disturbed the proprioception of the ankles. Multisine disturbance torques were applied in 9 trials; three levels of SS compliance, combined with three levels of desired SS rotation amplitude. Two trials were repeated with eyes closed. The corrective ankle torques, in response to the SS rotations, were assessed in frequency response functions (FRF). Lower frequency magnitudes (LFM) were calculated by averaging the FRF magnitudes in a lower frequency window, representative for sensory reweighting.Results showed that increasing the SS rotation amplitude leads to a decrease in LFM. In addition there was an interaction effec...
Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 150 K Mean (C-C) = 0.006 Å R factor = 0.043 wR factor = 0.102 Data-to-parameter ratio = 7.1 For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see http://journals.iucr.org/e. # 2005 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain -all rights reservedThe lactide ring in the title compound, C 12 H 12 O 5 , adopts a screw-boat conformation. C-HÁ Á ÁO interactions link the molecules into a chain in the [100] direction. CommentThe structure of the title compound, (I), was determined in the course of our investigations towards a better understanding of the regioselectivity observed in the ring-opening polymerization of various substituted (3S)-3-benzyloxymethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione derivatives (Leemhuis et al., 2005). Earlier, we reported the crystal structures of the 6(R)-methyl (Kooijman et al., 2005a) and the 6(S)-methyl derivatives (Kooijman et al., 2005b). The molecular structure of (I) is displayed in Fig. 1 and selected geometric parameters are given in Table 1. The lactide ring has taken a somewhat deformed screw-boat conformation. The asymmetry parameter (Duax & Norton, 1975) ÁC 2 (C2-O3) = 6.4 (5) ; all other asymmetry parameters have values of 18 or higher. The Cremer & Pople puckering parameters (Cremer & Pople, 1975) Figure 1 Atomic displacement plot (Spek, 2003) of the title compound, showing the atom-numbering scheme. The displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
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