Protein microarrays are of great research interest because of their potential application as biosensors for high-throughput protein and pathogen screening technologies. In this active area, there is a lack of techniques that can result in annulus-shaped protein structures (e.g., for the utilization of curved surfaces for enhanced protein-protein interactions and the detection of antigens). We present a new technique employing colloidal templating to yield large-scale (approximately cm(2)) 2D arrays of antibodies against Escherichia coli K12 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) on a versatile glass surface. The antibodies are swept to reside around the templating microspheres during solution drying and physically adsorb onto the glass. After the microspheres are removed, an array of annulus-shaped antibody structures is formed. We demonstrate the preserved antibody structure and functionality by binding the specific antigens and secondary antibodies, respectively, which paves the way for the binding of biomolecules and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The structures were investigated via atomic force, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy. Operational factors such as the drying time, temperature, and humidity as well as the presence of surfactants in the antibody solution were tuned to obtain a stable antibody structure.
essential to send all patients away for treatment at this stage, but wherever initial symptoms are accompanied or followed by impairment of general health a period of residence in a sanatorium is probably the most efficient means of restoring condition and imparting valuable knowledge. These incipient cases retain their working capacity for very long periods after discharge from sanatoria, in whose records they constitute a considerable proportion of the cases classed together as "tubercle bacilli not found," and whose afterhistories are so good. Other methods of treatment can show a high percentage of successful records in this type. ' Where similar results follow such widely varying procedures as residence in sanatoria, regular attendance to receive medicine, or the inoculation of various kinds and doses of tuberculin, it seems probable that these results must be ascribed to the factors common to all such forms of treatment-namely, the warning, supervision, and greater or less degree of education and after-care which the patient receives. Recognised and supervised the incipient case does well, unrecognised and assured that nothing is amiss a considerable number certainly do very badly.In touching upon these causes of " sanatorium wastage " I have emphasised, necessarily, the gloomy aspect of the problem. Nevertheless, I am convinced that given certain essentials-viz., early diagnosis, reasonable treatment, and a chance to spend his future working life in a proper environment-certain attributes of this class of patient make him the most profitable subject for sanatorium treatment.
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