A sustainable manufacturing strategy requires metrics for decision making at all levels of the enterprise. In this paper, a methodology is developed for designing sustainable manufacturing metrics given the specific concerns to be addressed. A top-down approach is suggested that follows the framework of goal and scope definition: (1) goal -what are the concerns addressed and what is the appropriate metric type to achieve the goal (2) scope -what is the appropriate geographic and manufacturing extent. In this methodology, a distinction is made between environmental cost metrics and sustainability metrics. Utilizing this methodology, metrics focused on energy use, global climate change, non-renewable resource consumption, and water consumption are developed.
a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Available online xxxx a b s t r a c t Supply-chain greenhouse gas emissions and water scarcity are investigated as important components of sustainable manufacturing systems and a different impact reduction approach is suggested for each metric. Greenhouse gas emissions have a global impact regardless of emission location, which allows for supply-chain tradeoffs, whereas water scarcity is a local measure that is useful in predicting the longterm sustainability of a manufacturing location. Using publicly available data, greenhouse gas supplychain tradeoffs are shown to exist between transportation distances, transportation mode, and regional electricity mix. This study sets the groundwork for designing and implementing reduced impact supplychain networks.
This chapter looks at metrics for green manufacturing and sustainability. Relevant economic metrics are reviewed and for complete coverage of sustainability issues, social metrics are also surveyed. The challenges of quantitatively evaluating social concerns are illustrated by highlighting the multiple considerations that social
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