More effective treatments are needed for most populations of the world where H. pylori infection in children and drug resistance are common. Current treatment guidelines do not coincide with the best treatment regimens identified in this meta-analysis.

Context: Sepsis, organ failure, and shock remain common among patients with moderate to severe burn injuries. The inability of clinical factors to identify at-risk patients suggests that genetic variation may influence the risk for serious infection and the outcome from severe injury. Objective: Resolution of genetic variants associated with severe sepsis following burn injury. Patients: A total of 159 patients with burns >20% of their total body surface area or any smoke inhalation injury without significant non-burn related trauma (injury severity score (ISS)>16), traumatic or anoxic brain injury, or spinal cord injury and who survived more than 48 h post-admission. Methods: Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within bacterial recognition (TLR4 +896, CD14 2159) and inflammatory response (TNF-a 2308, IL-1b 231, IL-6 2174) loci were evaluated for association with increased risk for severe sepsis (sepsis plus organ dysfunction or septic shock) and mortality. Results: After adjustment for age, full-thickness burn size, ethnicity, and gender, carriage of the TLR4 +896 G-allele imparted at least a 1.8-fold increased risk of developing severe sepsis following a burn injury, relative to AA homozygotes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 23.2). Carriage of the TNF-a 2308 A-allele imparted a similarly increased risk, relative to GG homozygotes (aOR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.7 to 12.0). None of the SNPs examined were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: The TLR4 +896 and TNF-a 2308 polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk for severe sepsis following burn trauma.

The initial acquisition of detectable H. pylori infection occurred at a rate of 20% per year among Pasitos Cohort children from birth to 24 months of age. A key finding, with implications for clinical, community health, and research settings, is that most of these infections did not persist. The transient nature of early H. pylori infection should be considered when designing research or contemplating therapeutic intervention for this age group.

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Japanese men with LUTS and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia but no evidence of prostate cancer might produce and/or release more PSA per unit prostate volume than white men. To our knowledge the cutoffs for PSA and prostate volume to predict the response to LUTS therapy and the development of complications in Japanese men are unknown. Future studies in Japanese men are needed to identify these cutoffs.