Today, the Internet of Things (IoT) is comprised of vertically oriented platforms for things. Developers who want to use them need to negotiate access individually and need to adapt to the platform-specific API and information models. Having to do these efforts for each platform often outweighs the possible gains for application developers to adapt their applications to multiple platforms. This fragmentation of the IoT and the missing interoperability result in high entry barriers for developers and currently prevent the emergence of broadly accepted IoT ecosystems. This article presents the work of the BIG IoT project that aims at igniting an IoT ecosystem as part of the European Platform Initiative (IoT EPI). We introduce an architectural model for IoT ecosystems, and highlight five common interoperability patterns that need to be supported for enabling cross-platform interoperability and establishing successful IoT ecosystems.
The problem of monitoring and controlling the complex and heterogeneous water distribution networks in urban environments is not new. Existing solutions include high-resilience and availability of telemetry systems where a wired or less often wireless backbone is connecting heterogeneous field devices to a centralized control centre. In the control centre, the administrative personnel of the utility are offered an overview of the system status, presented with possible alarms and may also be able to perform certain configuration tasks. In the ICT solutions for efficient Water Resources Management (ICeWater) project real demonstrations in two different pilot sites are being conducted, using a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based communication platform to complement traditional telemetry solutions. It proposes an interoperable and modular architecture design, where through a publish/subscribe mechanism, diverse sensor types may be integrated with the web services through suitable adapters. Proprietary protocols and format of sensor data and meta-data are harmonized into a standard ICT core which is seamlessly integrated with the existing backbone. Several security aspects and their deployment options have been proposed throughout the ICeWater architecture so that security of consumer rights is not compromised in any way. Both pilot sites in ICeWater will obtain significant benefits from such architecture in realizing the foreseen use cases, future challenges and opportunities.
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