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This chapter analyses the total factor productivity (TFP) growth and structural transformation in Brazilian agriculture for the agricultural census years between 1970 and 2006. On the basis of the estimates, productivity growth was the major driver of growth in Brazilian agriculture. A 2.1% per annum TFP growth rate was estimated for the whole period, with accelerating TFP growth over time, although it is concluded that this is probably low because of incomplete information on agricultural outputs in the 2006 Census. Nonetheless, a gradual diversification in the composition of agricultural output over time was found both at the national level and for most states. It is asserted that the diversification can have positive effects on employment and income as farmers allocate more resources to higher valued products.

Export tax reform in Argentina could improve its competitiveness in China’s soybean market, displacing exports from competing countries like Brazil and the United States. We examined the factors that determine China’s demand for imported soybean products and how export taxes could affect exporting countries. Using import demand and vector autoregression estimates, we conducted simulations of China’s import demand assuming the elimination of export taxes in Argentina. Results indicated that Argentine soybean products could realize gains in the Chinese market, but only in the short run. Projected import demand changes in the long run were insignificant for all exporting countries.

Background: Tardive Oromandibular Dystonia is an iatrogenic drug-induced movement form of extrapyramidal symptoms associated primarily with chronic consumption of dopamine receptor blocking agents. Tardive symptoms attributable to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants are far less prevalent. Clinical Case: The authors will present a clinical case and management, from the dental specialist perspective, of a 55-year-old female patient who developed tardive oromandibular dystonia induced by Trazodone prescribed for sleep insomnia. Conclusions: Trazodone-induced oromandibular dystonia is extremely rare. Early identification and assessment of tardive symptoms are imperative for successful treatment. Trazodone should be prescribed with caution in patients taking other medications with the potential to cause tardive syndromes.

ResumoEste estudo construiu um modelo econômico para a oferta de etanol hidratado e de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Um modelo econométrico de dados em painel foi usado para estimar os modelos econômicos, utilizando as informações dos principais estados produtores, no período 2000/01-2011/12. Os resultados indicaram a elasticidade-preço da oferta de etanol hidratado de 0,75 e que o preço do etanol anidro teve uma influência relevante sobre o preço do etanol hidratado no período. Para a oferta de cana-de-açúcar, a área plantada e o número de usinas recém instaladas foram importantes para explicar a área plantada corrente.Palavras-chave: etanol hidratado; combustível; cana-de-açúcar; oferta; Brasil. AbstractThis study built an economic model for hydrous ethanol and sugarcane supply. A panel data econometric model was used to estimate the economic models, using data from the main producer states in Brazil and for the period 2000/01-2012/13. The results indicated that the supply price elasticity for hydrous ethanol was 0.75 and that anhydrous ethanol price had a relevant influence on hydrous ethanol price through this period. For the sugarcane supply, the planted area and the number of newly installed plants were important determinants of the current planted area.