Piscirickettsia salmonis is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular γ-proteobacterium, classified into two genogroups: LF-89 T (ATCC VR-1361) and EM-90 strains (Nourdin-Galindo et al., 2017). This bacterium is the aetiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a systemic fish disease characterized by the bacterial colonization of several organs, including liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, intestine and gills among others (Rozas & Enríquez, 2014), causing severe economic losses in Chilean salmonid farms (Sernapesca, 2022a). Although the main disease outbreaks and the subsequent associated mortality had been identified in southern Chile, this disease has also been reported in several countries (Rozas & Enríquez, 2014). The Chilean salmon industry uses several biosecurity measures as a way to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases. Thus, 29 different vaccine formulations are currently approved for use against piscirickettsiosis (SAG, 2022) Statistical data from The Chilean National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) indicated that piscirickettsiosis is the most prevalent bacterial disease affecting Chilean salmon (Sernapesca, 2022a). For this reason, antibiotics remain the primary treatment against piscirickettsiosis outbreaks. The Chilean salmon industry used 4634 tons of antibiotics in
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