Multiple sclerosis is an increasingly prevalent disease, representing the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disease in Europe and North America. The most common symptoms include gait deficits, balance and coordination impairments, fatigue, spasticity, dysphagia and an overactive bladder. Neurorehabilitation therapeutic approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life through promoting positive immunological transformations and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current treatments for the most debilitating symptoms in multiple sclerosis, identify areas for future improvement, and provide a reference guide for practitioners in the field. It analyzes the most cited procedures currently in use for the management of a number of symptoms affecting the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis, from different training routines to cognitive rehabilitation and therapies using physical agents, such as electrostimulation, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy and electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, it investigates the quality of evidence for the aforementioned therapies and the different tests applied in practice to assess their utility. Lastly, the study looks at potential future candidates for the treatment and evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis and the supposed benefits they could bring in clinical settings.
It has been almost a decade since the multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) was first described. In 2021, WHO classified it as a defined entity, and it is considered one of the glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. Due to its similarities with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET), some authors consider it a variant of these, ranking in the category of malformations, but genetic alterations favor a neoplastic origin. We present a 29-year-old male with a generalized onset tonic-clonic seizure after a nightclub party. Imaging studies revealed a right temporal multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor confirmed by biopsy. It is considered a nonaggressive, “leave me alone” brain lesion, which does not require biopsy because of well-defined MRI characteristics. Surgery is indicated only in symptomatic cases. We consider that this lesion was revealed by his seizure, most probably provoked (with normal video EEG recording) by the consumption of a lot of alcohol, illicit drugs, and sleep loss after a club party. We recommended close monitoring, but our patient preferred the surgery. Our case added more imaging details corroborated with the histopathology features of MVNT. FLAIR images revealed hypointense nodules surrounded by hyperintense peripheral rings and areas of high signal intensity between the nodules, which correspond to the histopathological architecture. To our knowledge, this is the first case of MVNT with diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography imaging studies.
Some neurotropic viruses induce specific lesions in the deep structures, such as basal ganglia and thalamus. These anatomical structures play an important role in initiating and maintaining different types of epileptic seizures. We present the case of a 25-year-old male, transferred to our clinic one week after the onset of the symptomatology, with a recent history of traveling to Turkey and Egypt. At the moment of his hospital admission, his symptoms included altered consciousness, agitation, and seizures. Shortly after, his state worsened, requiring intubation. Viral tick-borne encephalitis diagnoses were favored by the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) analysis, EEG (Electroencephalography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images presenting symmetric hyper signal in the basal ganglia, and IgM antibodies for anti-tick-borne encephalitis. These lesions persisted for several weeks, and the patient’s seizures were polymorphic, originally generalized onset motor, generalized onset non-motor, and focal myoclonic. The patient achieved his independence, seizures decreasing both in intensity and frequency; the MRI images became almost normal. The reduction in antiepileptic doses was not followed by seizure recurrence.
Background: Many neurological manifestations are part of COVID-19 infections, including movement disorders, but a clinical picture closely resembling stiff-person syndrome has not yet been described. Case presentation: We report a case of a stiff-person-like syndrome in the context of COVID-19 infection. A 79-year-old woman, with no prior history of diseases, presented global reversible stiffness associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to shed light on several particularities regarding this clinical picture and its evolution in close relationship with the infectious disease progression, with full regression of symptoms and signs once the infectious process ceased. The impairment of speech and motility caused the wrong diagnosis of stroke in the Emergency Room. In addition, we would also like to emphasize the concomitant rhabdomyolysis, closely linked to the grade of muscle rigidity. Conclusions: We would like to raise awareness regarding this clinical setting and its association with SARS-COV-2 infection, to aid in its future recognition and management. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a stiff-person-like syndrome to be described in association with COVID-19 infection.
Million people worldwide are affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The highest incidence of illness was between 1945 and 1975. It was also estimated that 70% of those people were not tested for the disease. Most recent treatment concepts are safe, highly effective and have a vital public health influence by achieving a viral constant response in a significant proportion of treated patients. It helps reduce liver fibrosis, liver cancer risk and dissemination. With its increased population incidence, HCV becomes a serious public health problem. This review discusses the current literature in this field in terms of the importance of screening of HCV, follow-up, treatment and includes considerations in specific populations such as patients with cirrhosis, with HIV/HCV co-infection, patients with HBV/HCV co-infection and with renal damage
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.