Abstract-Using a vaccine approach, we immunized New Zealand White rabbits with a peptide containing a region of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) known to be required for neutral lipid transfer function. These rabbits had significantly reduced plasma CETP activity and an altered lipoprotein profile. In a cholesterol-fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis, the fraction of plasma cholesterol in HDL was 42% higher and the fraction of plasma cholesterol in LDL was 24% lower in the CETP-vaccinated group than in the control-vaccinated group. Moreover, the percentage of the aorta surface exhibiting atherosclerotic lesion was 39.6% smaller in the CETP-vaccinated rabbits than in controls. The data reported here demonstrate that CETP activity can be reduced in vivo by vaccination with a peptide derived from CETP and support the concept that inhibition of CETP activity in vivo can be antiatherogenic. In addition, these studies suggest that vaccination against a self-antigen is a viable therapeutic strategy for disease management. (Arterioscler
A colorimetric DNA hybridization-based assay has been evaluated against two conventional culture methods (FDA and USDA) for detection of Listeria spp. in dairy, Meat, and seafood products. A total of 1,300 samples representing 15 food types were analyzed in parallel by both the DNA hybridization (DNAH) and culture methods (FDA for dairy products and seafoods, USDA for meats). Samples included inoculated and naturally contaminated products and uninoculated controls. Fifteen strains representing five species of Listeria were used as inocula. Of 660 dairy and seafood samples tested, the FDA culture method detected 354 positives and the DNAH method detected 393 positives, 391 of which were confirmed. The DNAH method was statistically equivalent to the FDA method for eight of the nine products tested. In some trials, the DNAH method detected more positives than the FDA method for cheddar cheese and in some cases these differences were statistically significant. Of 540 meat samples tested, the USDA culture method detected 261 positives and the DNAH method detected 378 positives, all of which were confirmed. The DNAH method was statistically equivalent to the culture method for three of the six products tested. In some trials, the DNAH method detected more positives than the USDA method for roast beef, hot dogs, and fermented sausage. In some cases, these differences were statistically significant. Of 100 naturally contaminated products tested, the DNAH method detected 86 positives and the culture methods detected 84 positives. The DNAH method was statistically equivalent to the culture methods for these samples. The DNAH method gives a negative result 48 h after the start of sample enrichment, whereas the FDA and USDA methods require 3 to 4 days or longer. It is concluded that the DNAH assay is a rapid, accurate, and objective alternative to the culture procedures for the detection of Listeria spp. in foods.
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