3592-App1.pdf) of 41 species across South Africa (Figure 1; Appendix Tables 1, 2). Most bats were collected as part of a broader biosurveillance program in collaboration with bat taxonomists for species identification and classification. Among the bats collected, 562 appeared healthy and 28 were dead. Another 12 exhibited signs of disease or abnormal behavior, and 3 had been involved in human contact; we submitted these samples for rabies testing. We anesthetized the sampled bats with isoflurane inhalant (Safeline Pharmaceuticals, https://safeline. co.za), exsanguinated them by cardiac puncture, and then performed full necropsies. We identified bats on the basis of morphologic (4) and genetic characteristics (5). The sampling protocol was approved by the University of Pretoria Animal Ethics Committee (approval no. EC054-14). Permission to conduct research was obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (formerly Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries) of the Republic of South Africa under Section 20 of the Animal Diseases Act 1984 with additional provincial permits granted (Appendix Table 3). We extracted total RNA from the bats' brain material and subjected it to real-time reverse transcription PCR selective for 126 bp of the nucleoprotein gene
The genus Lyssavirus includes rabies virus as well as multiple diverse and recently described novel species. Using next-generation sequencing technologies, we have obtained the whole-genome sequence of Matlo bat lyssavirus, which was isolated from a Natal long-fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis) in South Africa.
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