Climate change poses a significant and increasing threat to global health. While veterinarians play integral roles in public and environmental health, the profession has been less engaged in the topic of climate change relative to their human medical counterparts. The objective of this study was to synthesize veterinary students’ perceptions and knowledge about the relationship between veterinary medicine and climate change to identify educational gaps and opportunities. An online questionnaire was disseminated to American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)-accredited veterinary colleges through the Student American Veterinary Medical Association newsletter. Respondents were overwhelmingly confident that climate change is happening, is due to human activities, and is impacting both human and animal health. Veterinary students also expressed the belief that veterinarians should take a leadership role on the issue of climate change, especially through promoting environmental sustainability in clinical practice. Despite this enthusiasm, most students reported a lack of educational opportunities within their veterinary programs. The results of this survey highlight opportunities for the development of educational resources on the topic, many of which could complement existing material such as that devoted to practice management, economics, and client communication. Veterinarians have the potential to meaningfully contribute to both mitigation and adaptation efforts around climate change; however, they must be equipped with the tools to do so.
Dizziness is a common concern discussed at adolescent medical visits. In this series, we describe 9 pediatric patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) who presented with persistent, debilitating dizziness for weeks to months after their acute infection. Among the 9 patients, median age was 14 years (range: 11-17), 6 were female, and 8 had not received any SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Five patients met diagnostic criteria for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) by active standing testing and benefited from a combination of non-pharmacologic therapy (NPT) and medication. NPT alone did not improve symptoms in any patients. Patients who did not meet conventional criteria for POTS, but continued to have symptoms despite NPT compliance, also demonstrated subjective improvement in dizziness when medications were initiated. The majority of patients experienced improvement in dizziness and quality of life, including returning to sports teams and a regular school schedule. A review of the PACS literature demonstrates increasing recognition of a subset of patients who develop autonomic dysfunction, including POTS, although the etiology and prognosis are not completely understood. Our case series aims to highlight the phenomenon of dysautonomia after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and its response to therapy.
Objective: To synthesize the beliefs, knowledge and interest of veterinarians on the relationship between veterinary medicine and climate change, with the intent to identify any educational gaps and opportunities.Sample: Responses from 560 U.S., and 54 non-U.S. veterinarians.Procedures: An anonymous, online survey of veterinarians was distributed through electronic media, state and professional associations, and a veterinary magazine advertisement. The survey was conducted between July 1st and December 31st of 2019.Results: Overall, veterinary respondents were confident that climate change is happening, is caused by human activities, and is impacting both human and animal health. Veterinarians also agreed that the profession should have an advocacy role in educating the public on climate change and its health impacts, particularly in clinical practices where environmental sustainability promotion can be shared with clients. Although veterinarians agreed the profession needs to be involved with climate change advocacy, most reported having had no educational opportunities within their veterinary medicine curriculum or access to continuing education on climate change.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The results highlight the need for the development of educational opportunities on the topic of climate change such that veterinarians are equipped to address their concerns about current and future animal health threats.
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