This article summarizes the effects of the increasing global trend towards measuring research quality and effectiveness through, in particular, publication‐based metrics, and its effects on scholarly communication. Such metrics are increasingly influencing the behaviour patterns of administrators, publishers, librarians, and researchers. Impact and citation measures, which often rely solely on Thomson Scientific data, are examined in the context of university league tables and research assessment exercises. The need to establish alternate metrics, particularly for the social sciences and humanities, is emphasized, as is an holistic approach to scholarly communication agenda.
A circular braiding process is adapted to produce three-dimensional shapes by braiding over a contoured mandrel. The present work deals with the simulation of various braided structures. The simulated structures are based on geometrical models developed for yarns on different shapes of mandrels. The geometry of a braided structure depends upon the machine parameters, such as number of yarn carriers, rotational speed of the carriers, take-up speed, and the effective perimeter of the mandrel cross section. Virtual reality modeling language (VRML) has been employed as a visualization tool to simulate these geometrical models on a predefined mandrel geometry. Models relate to the machine speeds and a number of machine settings. The path of the yarn on the mandrel is dependent upon the shape of the mandrel, i.e., if it is circular then it will be in the form of a helix or if it is a cubical body then it will be in the form of straight lines. An expert system has been generated to take into account all the parameters interfacing with VRML to simulate the braid geometry. A comparison is also made between the experimental and simulated structures.
A circular braiding process is used for producing three-dimensional (3D) textile preforms using 3D mandrels. In our previous study, we have predicted and simulated the yarns paths on various 3D mandrels, including cylinder, square prism, and cones with circular and elliptical cross-sections (Rawal, A., Potluri, P. and Steele, C. (2005). Geometrical Modeling of the Yarn Paths in ThreeDimensional Branded Structure, Journal of Industrial Textiles, 34(2): 115-135.). This study predicts the yarn paths on a square pyramid in which the yarns are modeled as straight lines varying in length from the top to the bottom of the square pyramid. The 3D coordinates of the yarn paths on a square pyramid have been mathematically related to the braid angle.
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