Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prototype algorithm for the fully automated per lobe segmentation and emphysema quantification (EQ) on chest-computed tomography as it compares to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) severity classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Methods:
Patients (n=137) who underwent chest-computed tomography acquisition and spirometry within 6 months were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study. Patient-specific spirometry data, which included forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (Tiffeneau-Index), were used to assign patients to their respective GOLD stage I to IV. Lung lobe segmentation was carried out using AI-RAD Companion software prototype (Siemens Healthineers), a deep convolution image-to-image network and emphysema was quantified in each lung lobe to detect the low attenuation volume.
Results:
A strong correlation between the whole-lung-EQ and the GOLD stages was found (ρ=0.88, P<0.0001). The most significant correlation was noted in the left upper lobe (ρ=0.85, P<0.0001), and the weakest in the left lower lobe (ρ=0.72, P<0.0001) and right middle lobe (ρ=0.72, P<0.0001).
Conclusions:
AI-based per lobe segmentation and its EQ demonstrate a very strong correlation with the GOLD severity stages of COPD patients. Furthermore, the low attenuation volume of the left upper lobe not only showed the strongest correlation to GOLD severity but was also able to most clearly distinguish mild and moderate forms of COPD. This is particularly relevant due to the fact that early disease processes often elude conventional pulmonary function diagnostics. Earlier detection of COPD is a crucial element for positively altering the course of disease progression through various therapeutic options.
This paper assesses the biocompatibility for fluorescence imaging of colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) coated with a recently-developed multiply-binding methacrylate-based polymeric imidazole ligand. The QD samples were purified prior to ligand exchange via a highly repeatable gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. A multi-well plate based protocol was used to characterize nonspecific binding and toxicity of the QDs toward human endothelial cells. Nonspecific binding in 1% fetal bovine serum was negligible compared to anionically-stabilized QD controls, and no significant toxicity was detected on 24 h exposure. The nonspecific binding results were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. This study is the first evaluation of biocompatibility in QDs initially purified by GPC and represents a scalable approach to comparison among nanocrystal-based bioimaging scaffolds.
NTRK-rearranged tumors are being increasingly recognized and targeted with TRK inhibitor therapies. A novel NTRK2 fusion–positive uterine sarcoma arising in a patient with Li-Fraumeni–like syndrome is described in this article.
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