Use of natural graphite based electrodes as insertion anodes in rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries.

In this work we describe the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of a novel imidazole based magnesium-Hückel salt as electrolyte system for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries. This conductive salt, when applied in organic, aprotic solvents, enables both, the use of metallic magnesium as well as insertion materials as negative electrodes for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries.

Microwave solvothermal synthesis is used to obtain solid solutions of LiFexMn1-xPO4 (with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, …, 1.0). To improve ionic and electronic conductivity, the samples are coated with a conductive layer. To investigate the effect of the formation of a solid solution, LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4, produced by microwave irradiation, is compared to different mechanical preparation methods of equimolar mixtures between LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4. All powders are analyzed regarding to their structural-chemical and electrochemical properties. Slope cuts of prepared electrodes for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C are further characterized by back scattered electron imaging and EDX analysis. The highest capacity of 139mAh g-1 at 0.1C is achieved for the microwave-synthesized LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C (sample F). The iron substitution by manganese leads to altered X-ray diffraction patterns and influences the oxidation and reduction potential position of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+. Further, we found out that the preparation method is crucial in terms of solid solution formation between iron and manganese.

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