Morgan, B, Mirza, AM, Gimblet, CJ, Ortlip, AT, Ancalmo, J, Kalita, D, Pellinger, TK, Walter, JM, and Werner, TJ. Effect of an 11-week resistance training program on arterial stiffness in young women. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 315–321, 2023—The current investigation was conducted to determine the effect of 2 resistance training models on indices of arterial stiffness in young, healthy women. Twenty-four women, untrained college students, aged 18–22 years were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: control (CON) group (n = 8), high-intensity (HI) resistance exercise group (n = 8), and high-volume (HV) resistance exercise group (n = 8). Subjects randomized to resistance training groups were required to perform strength training exercises 3–5 days a week for 11 weeks. The exercise regimen consisted of 2–3 sets of 3–8 repetitions (80–90% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) for the HI group and 3–4 sets of 10–15 repetitions (50–70% of 1RM) for the HV group. All subjects were instructed to continue their normal diet and avoid cardiovascular exercise during the study. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) (6.39 ± 0.73 to 8.40 ± 2.31 m·s−1; p < 0.05) and carotid radial PWV (9.77 ± 1.74 to 12.58 ± 2.09 m·s−1; p < 0.05) in the CON group alone. Both the HI and HV groups increased their maximum squat (36.6 ± 7.9 vs. 41.3 ± 31.8 percent change; p < 0.05), bench press (34.4 ± 12.6 vs. 23.4 ± 11.1 percent change; p < 0.05), and seated row (22.0 ± 12.6 vs. 21.9 ± 12.5 percent change; p < 0.05), respectively. Our findings support the use of resistance training exercise without undue impact on vascular compliance in otherwise healthy women.
There are some important issues relating to the impact of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on AS in the major elastic arteries and lower leg anterior compartment pressure. This study investigated the effects of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on arterial stiffness (AS) and skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in young men. A total of 20 male, physically active participants were randomized in a double-blind fashion to placebo (PL) (n=10, 22.9±3.1 yrs) or creatine (CM) (n=10, 21.3±1.8yrs) groups. Subjects received 0.3 g/kg/day creatine monohydrate or placebo in gelatin capsules for 7 days. Ultrasonography of the carotid artery, applanation tonometry, submaximal exercise tests (10-minute treadmill activity at 3.7 mph and 9% incline), and SmO2measurements were conducted at baseline and on day 7 of the study period. There was a significant time effect (P<0.05) in the CM group on central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (130±22 mmHg to 112±38 mmHg), central pulse pressure (cPP) (64±21 mmHg to 58±21 mmHg) and arterial compliance (AC) (1.09±0.35 mm2/mmHg x 10-1to 0.86±0.85 mm2/mmHg x 10-1). Using a randomly controlled, doubleblind trial, acute creatine supplementation does appear to impact vascular compliance or oxygen saturation in skeletal muscle in young, healthy males.
Introduction The glycocalyx layer is essential to the maintenance of a healthy microvascular endothelium and diminishes with advancing age. Similarly, the aorta stiffens with aging and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and target organ damage, possibly through pressure pulsatility‐associated microvascular damage. However, whether aortic stiffness and/or pressure pulsatility are associated with microvascular endothelial glycocalyx structure/function among older adults is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to investigate the potential relation between aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility with glycocalyx thickness and microvascular perfusion in older adults. We hypothesized that increased aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility would be associated with less glycocalyx thickness and microvascular perfusion in older adults. Methods Sublingual microvessels were assessed using intravital microscopy in older adults (n=24; age 61 ± 6y, 46% women). Perfused boundary region (PBR) and red blood cell (RBC) filling %, indirect indices of glycocalyx thickness (larger PBR=smaller thickness) and microvascular perfusion respectively, were determined in vessels between 5‐25 µm RBC column width. Aortic stiffness was quantified by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid pressure pulsatility as carotid pulse pressure (PP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results Adjusting for age, sex and MAP, cfPWV was associated with larger PBR 5‐25 (β: 0.08; p=0.001) and lower RBC filling % (β: ‐0.02, p=0.002). Higher carotid pressure pulsatility was associated with lower RBC filling % (β: ‐0.12; p=0.03), but this relation was attenuated after adjusting for sex (p=0.11). Upon stratification by sex, higher carotid pressure pulsatility was associated with larger PBR 5‐25 (r=0.66, P=0.03) and lower RBC filling % (r=‐0.73, P=0.01) in women, but not men (P=0.94 and P=0.77 respectively). Conclusion Higher aortic stiffness was negatively associated with microvascular glycocalyx thickness and microvascular perfusion among older adults. Additionally, carotid pressure pulsatility was negatively associated with glycocalyx thickness and microvascular perfusion in women only. The mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in the relation between pressure pulsatility and glycocalyx structure/function in older adults require further study.
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