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Culturomics is emerging as an important field within science, as a way to measure attitudes and beliefs and their dynamics across time and space via quantitative analysis of digitized data from literature, news, film, social media, and more. Sentiment analysis is a culturomics tool that, within the last decade, has provided a means to quantify the polarity of attitudes expressed within various media. Conservation science is a crisis discipline; therefore, accurate and effective communication are paramount. We investigated how conservation scientists communicate their findings through scientific journal articles. We analyzed 15,001 abstracts from articles published from 1998 to 2017 in 6 conservation‐focused journals selected based on indexing in scientific databases. Articles were categorized by year, focal taxa, and the conservation status of the focal species. We calculated mean sentiment score for each abstract (mean adjusted z score) based on 4 lexicons (Jockers‐Rinker, National Research Council, Bing, and AFINN). We found a significant positive annual trend in the sentiment scores of articles. We also observed a significant trend toward increasing negativity along the spectrum of conservation status categories (i.e., from least concern to extinct). There were some clear differences in the sentiments with which research on different taxa was reported, however. For example, abstracts mentioning lobe finned fishes tended to have high sentiment scores, which could be related to the rediscovery of the coelacanth driving a positive narrative. Contrastingly, abstracts mentioning elasmobranchs had low scores, possibly reflecting the negative sentiment score associated with the word shark. Sentiment analysis has applications in science, especially as it pertains to conservation psychology, and we suggest a new science‐based lexicon be developed specifically for the field of conservation.

This paper studies the relationship between geographic patterns of industry and economic growth without scale effects. Facing transport costs and imperfect knowledge diffusion, firms locate production, process innovation and product development in their lowest cost regions, leading to the partial concentration of production and full agglomeration of innovation in the region with the largest market. An increase in industry concentration raises knowledge spillovers from production to innovation, causing a fall (rise) in market entry, if labour productivity improves more for process innovation (product development). The rate of economic growth rises or falls, depending on how industry concentration affects market entry. 782 ECONOMICA [OCTOBERFIGURE 4. Transport costs and welfare. Notes: In both panels, q = 0.05, k = 0.02, c = 0.3, r = 2.1, f = 0.2, b N = 0.6 and d = 0.5. Noting that m a (1 À (r À 1)c)/r, in panel (a) a = 0.8 and m = 0.26, and in panel (b) a = 0.25 and m = 0.08. Economica

We examine the relationship between offshoring and the labor market in an occupational choice model of trade and endogenous growth where workers are employed on the basis of their individual skill levels. Trade liberalization leads to offshoring and reduces employment in the manufacturing sector. Displaced workers move into traditional and innovation sectors according to their skill levels, shaping real wages and aggregate productivity in the manufacturing sector. The paper aims to show how inter-sectoral labor market adjustments, highlighted by skill heterogeneity, could be a possible explanation for the simultaneous rise in productivity and reduction in real wages that have coincided with the sharp escalation of offshoring activities in the U.S. manufacturing sector since 2004. (JEL F16, F23, J24)