SummaryIn this diary study, we aimed to examine the moderating effects of the following: (i) recovery efforts at work and (ii) detachment from work on the relationship between work-related flow and energy after work. Specifically, we hypothesized that flow would be beneficial for energy after work when employees failed (versus managed) to recover during work breaks. Additionally, we predicted that when employees experience flow at work, they would be more vigorous (and less exhausted) at the end of the day when they detached from work in the evening compared with days when they failed to detach. The study tracked 83 participants who completed daily surveys over four consecutive days. Results of multilevel analyses indicated that some characteristics of flow, such as absorption and enjoyment, were significantly associated with energy after work. Recovery at work and detachment from work moderated the relationship between flow (specifically the enjoyment component) and after-work energy.
One of the core constructs of the positive psychology movement is that of 'flow', or optimal experience. The current study investigated the relationship between 'flow', the core job dimensions, and subjective well-being (SWB), as well as distinguishing between the state and trait components of flow. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to track 40 architectural students over a 15 week semester while they engaged in studio work. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) indicated that 74% of the variance in flow was attributable to situational characteristics compared to dispositional factors. Results also indicated that academic work that was high in skill variety and autonomy was associated with flow. Flow was found to be correlated with positive mood. Cross-lagged regression analysis showed that momentary flow was predictive of momentary mood and not vice versa. The strengths and limitations of using ESM to study subjective work experiences and well-being are discussed, as well as the implications of the study of flow or optimal experience for industrial/organizational psychology.
Antecedents of Union Loyalty This research formed the basis of Clive Fullagar's doctoral di~,~tation conducted under the supervision of Julian Bailing. The financial assistance oftbe Human Science Research Council to Clive Fullagar and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 410-85-1139) to Julian Barling is hereby acknowledged. We express our appreciation to William E. Cooper, Karyl E. MacEwen, Laurie I. Pratt and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article.
This study seeks to determine the relationship between psychological capital and an employee's eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Panel data were collected from 102 extension agents over a 2-week interval. In addition, daily surveys were collected from 67 of the participants. Results from the panel data indicated that the relation between psychological capital and hedonic well-being, measured two weeks later, is mediated by eudaimonic well-being. Results from the daily surveys found that daily eudaimonic work well-being was significantly associated with both daily positive mood and daily life satisfaction and that variance in eudaimonic work well-being was predicted by one's psychological capital.
The study longitudinally tracked the relationship among challenge/skill balance, flow, and performance anxiety in 27 student musicians over the course of a semester as they worked toward a recital of a piece of music. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the balance between the challenge of a passage of music and the perceived skills necessary to play that music was found to be significantly and consistently correlated with optimal experience. Results of moderated multiple regression indicated that skill level moderated the relationship between challenge, flow, and performance anxiety. Results also indicated that flow and performance anxiety were antithetical experiences, such that when flow was highest, performance anxiety was lowest and vice versa. These findings are discussed in terms of the application of flow theory to understanding performance, and the practical implications for reducing task‐specific anxiety.
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