Playing online games should be fun. One of the primary causes of player frustration in online games is lag, or delay in exchange of game state data [1]- [8]. Current lag mitigation strategies are based on the assumption that a player's Quality of Experience (QoE) is influenced only by her own lag [9]- [12]. We systematically show that this assumption is incorrect, because in an online cooperative game the change in QoE of one player due to their lag can have a cascading effect on the QoE of the other players. Our results are obtained through a novel experimental framework based on previous QoE and online game research.Understanding a player's QoE as a cascade function that includes other players' network conditions provides valuable information for designing cooperative online games. Based on our observations, we recommend changes to the current approach to lag mitigation in cooperative games. We argue that the primary objective of lag mitigation should not be to reduce the lag of all players. Instead the primary objective should be to reduce the lag of the most lagged player within each cooperative group.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A plasma sparker has been developed by Sparktec Environmental Inc. to control settlement of zebra and quagga mussels. Plasma pulse technology is a physical, nonchemical, nonthermal process for introducing energy directly into an aqueous solution. This patented system is made up of three separate components, a power supply to control the power management, a capacitor storage bank to store the required energy, and a submersible assembly where this energy is released to the water. When the plasma sparker is activated, electrical energy stored by capacitors is released between two submerged electrodes in microseconds. A plasma channel is formed because of this high current/high voltage electrical discharge. The discharge process consists of at least three primary events, an intense Shockwave, a steam bubble which may lead to a supercritical water phase where oxidation of organic substrates will occur, and ultraviolet light. The technology is currently in use in several utilities and industries in Canada and the United States. These experiments, most of which are now completed, are designed to show what mechanisms are being employed to control zebra mussel biofouling in pipelines.Mechanisms being evaluated are: (i) indirect control through continuous application of pulsed power to limit biofilm biomass and composition; (ii) direct control through continuous application of pulsed power to (a) kill the zebra mussels, (b) detach mussels already settled, (c) prevent settlement of new recruits and reattachment of translocators; and (iii) control by application of pulsed power for short durations to sustain permanent damage to shells or weaken the mussels sufficiently that they eventually die. Materials and MethodsField Experiments. A field experiment was carried out in the forebay at Nanticoke Thermal Generating Station (NTGS), Lake Erie, to determine if continuous application of pulsed power can: (1) limit biofilm biomass and composition; (2) kill adult zebra mussels, (3) detach mussels already settled, and (4) prevent settlement of new recruits and reattachment of translocators. Six PVC pipes 4 m long by 30 cm inside diameter with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm were suspended about 2 m below the water surface by aircraft cables from three floating docks. Each pipe had fifteen 10.2-cm-diam holes cut into it, with five along the bottom and five along each side. The discs that were removed were to be used as coupons to determine the amount of zebra mussel settlement that occurred inside the pipes during the summer. In order to reinsert the disc into its hole and hold it in place, a larger disc (12.6-cm-diam) was cut from a spare pipe to act as a flange. The coupon was attached to the flange by a bolt. The flange, with its coupon, was held in place on the pipe by means of two No. 10 Robertson screws.In order to determine if plasma pulse technology was affecting biofilm formation in the pipes, glass slides were attached to three of the fifteen coupons in each pipe. The glass slides were attached to each co...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.