In this study I compare two Google bombs using Melluci’s (1996) social movement framework. Viewing the Google bombing practice as a social movement provides an informative lens from which to analyze the nature and goals as well as the results of this form of online collective action. The empirical basis for this research relies on analysis of the content and context of Google bomb hyperlinking using an approach informed by Beaulieu’s (2005) notion of sociable hyperlinks. From this study I conclude that the Google bombing practice is an online protest technique not unlike the "media mind bomb" developed by the late Bob Hunter of Greenpeace (2004) fame. In the case of Hunter’s mind bombs, sounds and images were used to form alternate constructions of reality in the news media. Similarly, Google bombs are constructed by manipulating the relative ranking of an Internet search term and thereby creating alternate constructions of reality through collective action online.
This article 1 describes the possibilities to analyze open access (OA) publishing in the Netherlands in an international comparative way. OA publishing is now actively stimulated by Dutch science policy, similar to the United Kingdom. We conducted a bibliometric baseline measurement to assess the current situation, to be able to measure developments over time. We collected data from various sources, and for three different smaller European countries (the Netherlands, Denmark, and Switzerland). Not all of the analyses for this baseline measurement are included here. The analysis presented in this article focuses on the various ways OA can be defined using the Web of Science, limiting the analysis mainly to Gold OA. From the data we collected we can conclude that the way OA is currently registered in various electronic bibliographic databases is quite unclear, and various methods applied deliver results that are different, although the impact scores derived from the data point in the same direction.
Enhancing publications has a long history but is gaining acceleration as authors and publishers explore electronic tablets as devices for dissemination and presentation. Enhancement of scholarly publications, in contrast, more often takes place in a Web environment with a focus on interoperability within and across publication platforms, and is coupled with presentation of supplementary materials related to research. The approach to enhancing scholarly publications presented in this report goes a step further and involves the interlinking of the "objects" of a document: bibliographic information on authors, datasets, supplementary materials, secondary analyses, and post-publication interventions. This approach has been explored in a project and this is a technical report about that project. Specific to that project is the combination of the user-centricity of Web 2.0 with the Semantic Web. The goal is to facilitate long-term content structure through standardized formats, thereby improving interoperability between concepts and terms within and across knowledge domains. In our project, we explored this specific concept of enhancement on a small set of books prepared for traditional academic publishers. Concentrating in this report on aspects of the technical development, we introduce an ongoing conceptual discussion and reflection on the position of this project in relation to new directions in scholarly publishing.
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