Human figure drawing research literature published since 1957 is reviewed. It is concluded that such research has improved substantially in quality and sophistication and has produced increased empirical support for the use of human figure drawings as a clinical tool. The evidence suggests that the validity of a particular aspect of drawings is directly related to the reliability of that aspect of the drawing. Global ratings are the most reliable and most valid, while individual signs are the least reliable and least valid. Since the presence of certain signs is related to the overall quality of the drawings, it is suggested that future research should control for the quality of the drawings.
Although many studies have shown associations between the amount of time spent together and relationship satisfaction, none has established the causal direction of the association. While time spent together may cause increased satisfaction, it is equally likely that greater satisfaction causes couples to spend more time together. Recent research that experimentally increased the amount of time couples spent together found no increase in relationship satisfaction. The present study looks at relationships that spend less time together—long-distance relationships (LDRs)—and examines their relationship quality compared to geographically proximal relationships (PRs). A multivariate analysis of variance compared self-reported levels of relationship satisfaction, intimacy, dyadic trust and the degree of relationship progress, between 194 individuals in premarital LDRs and 190 premarital PRs. The analysis found no significant differences. This suggests that the amount of time a couple spends together does not itself play a central role in relationship maintenance.
This study focused on the impact of terminal cancer on the lives of patients and their spouses as a function of the stage of religious faith of the subjects. Patients at more complex stages of faith reported higher overall quality of life; higher quality of socioeconomic life, family life, and psychological and spiritual life; and greater marital intimacy than patients at simpler stages of faith. Patients, regardless of stage of faith, reported the most important factor in their quality of life was their personal relationships, and this importance increased after the diagnosis of cancer. The spouses’ quality of life seemed mostly related to the state of the patients’ health.
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