A group of 142 obese subjects was seen in an obesity clinic over a 2-year period. Of these, 116 had assessment of personality factors by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and 71 were followed for periods of 4 to 28 months in order to determine success at weight reduction by means of a conventional dietary regimen. The MMPI profiles of the obese subjects were compared to those of a general medical population of 50,000 patients seen in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Mayo Clinic. Obese male subjects had significantly higher scores on the F and MA scales. Obese female subjects had significantly higher scores on the F, PD, PA, SC, and MA scales, and a significantly lower score on the Q scale than the reference population. Even though these findings show that certain personality traits as measured by the MMPI may occur more frequently in obese persons, the individual MMPI profile codes point out the presence of diverse behavior patterns among obese persons rather than a single personality pattern characteristic of obesity. There were no apparent differences in the success in achieving a loss of 10% or more of initial weight among the male and female obese subjects having normal or abnormal MMPI profiles. Obese subjects having onset of obesity before age 12 years were slightly more successful in weight reduction than those whose obesity began later than this, but the differences were not statistically significant for either the male or female subjects.
Eighteen diabetic patients representing a spectrum from hyperlabile to stable forms of this disease were investigated under metabolic ward conditions. Hyperlabile patients had the greatest daily and hourly variation in glycosuria and the most marked ketonuria. In our hyperlabile patients, multiple daily injections of short-acting insulin proved to be the only therapeutic measure that provided significant improvement in diabetic regulation when dietary and general health measures were already optimal. In more stable patients, longer acting insulin injected less frequently was found to be satisfactory therapy if careful adjustments to individual needs were made.Blood glucose and serum ketone-body and free fatty acid concentrations as well as qualitative estimates of glucose and ketone bodies in small samples of freshly voided urine were found to be suitable indicators of the immediate state of metabolic regulation. These parameters correlated with one another to a satisfactory degree, but they proved to be poorly correlated with measurements of urinary glucose and ketone bodies during periods of five to twenty-four hours. Quantitative analysis of individual blood samples or qualitative estimates of glucose or ketone bodies in freshly voided urine specimens proved to be unreliable indices of the patients' long-term metabolic compensation except in the most stable patients. Quantitations of urinary glucose and ketone bodies in five, nine, and twenty-four-hour collections of urine, on the other hand, give satisfactory data to assess diabetic regulation, both as to accuracy of compensation and stability. DIABETES 14:279-288, May 1965.
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