Corticosteroids are a central part of many cancer treatment regimens. Neuropsychiatric toxicity has complicated their use, including an association with a spectrum of symptoms, from insomnia, cognitive impairment and mood symptoms, to severe mental disorders, including mania, psychosis and severe depression. Although steroid-induced mental disorders were first reported in medicine more than 60 years ago, there is a dearth of evidence available to date on optimal treatment and prevention to guide cancer clinicians. We completed a systematic review of the current evidence for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions of steroid-induced mental disorders in cancer. We searched Medline, Embase and PsycINFO and selected studies related to steroid-induced mental disorder. The studies found were limited to case series and case reports only.
Toxic leukoencephalopathy is a disorder characterized by the alteration of myelin in white matter tracts secondary to exposure to neurotoxic substances. This case describes the neuropsychiatric presentation of toxic leukoencephalopathy. Brain imaging confirms a diagnosis of toxic leukoencephalopathy secondary to polysubstance overdose. The patient made a significant recovery following admission to hospital.
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