The red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is an invasive phytophagous mite that was recently introduced into The Americas. The predatory mite Amblyseius largoensis Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been the only natural enemy consistently found in association with RPM. This study aimed to determine if A. largoensis populations from the Indian Ocean Islands (La Reunion and Mauritius) and the Americas (Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago and the USA) consist a taxonomic unit or a group of cryptic species. First, the morphological variability among the A. largoensis populations from these areas was evaluated through morphometric analyses of 36 morphological traits. Then, their genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships were assessed based on two target DNA fragments: the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer and the mithochondrial 12S rRNA. Finally, reproductive compatibility of the populations from La Reunion and Roraima, Brazil was evaluated. Morphometric differences between the A. largoensis specimens from La Reunion Island and the Americas were observed, most of them on the length of the setae. Molecular analysis indicated that the A. largoensis populations from the Indian Ocean Islands and the Americas belong to the same taxonomic entity, although to two well defined genetic groups. Crossings involving the A. largoensis populations from La Reunion Island and Roraima, Brazil revealed complete reproductive compatibility between these populations. Information on the morphometric and genetic variability among studied A. largoensis populations can be further exploited in future studies to follow colonization of Indian Ocean Islands populations in the Americas, in the case of field releases
Neoseiulus baraki Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been reported from the Americas, Africa and Asia, often in association with Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), one of the most important pests of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in different parts of the world. That phytoseiid has been considered one of the most common predators associated with A. guerreronis in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding preference and the effect of food items commonly present on coconut fruits and several temperature regimes on the life history of a Brazilian population of N. baraki. Completion of immature development was possible when N. baraki was fed A. guerreronis, Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum Lofego and Gondim Jr., and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). Fecundity was highest on T. putrescentiae (39.4 eggs), followed by A. guerreronis (24.8 eggs). In choice tests, irrespective of the food on which N. baraki was reared, a larger number of adults of this predator chose leaf discs containing A. guerreronis than discs containing other food items, demonstrating a preference of the former for the latter as food. Egg to adult thermal developmental time was calculated as 84.2 degree-days, above a threshold of 15.8 degrees C. This lower developmental threshold is higher than previously published for phytoseiid species from higher latitudes. Neoseiulus baraki was shown to have higher biotic potential at 30 degrees C (r (m) 0.29). The results suggest N. baraki to be a promising biological control agent of A. guerreronis, well adapted to survive and develop in areas with relatively high temperatures, where that pest prevails.
The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), was recently introduced in the Americas. It spread quickly throughout coconut palm growing areas, expanding considerably its host range. The invasion of this species has caused high economic impact in several countries. In Brazil, extensive areas are expected to be affected. For logistical reasons and other concerns, chemical control does not seem desirable for the control of this pest in most Latin American countries. Biological control of R. indica by introducing exotic natural enemies seems to be an important control measure to be considered. Surveys in many countries have shown that Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a very common predator on coconut palms. This study compared the biology of a population of A. largoensis found for a long time in association with R. indica in La Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) with a population from Roraima State (northern Brazil), where R. indica was first found about two and a half years ago. No significant differences were observed between populations in relation to the duration of different immature stages or total survivorship. However, the oviposition period, prey consumption and net reproductive rate were significantly higher for the La Reunion population, warranting further investigation to determine whether that population should be released in Roraima to control the pest.
2018) The invasive red palm mite, Raoiellaindica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), in Brazil: range extension and arrival into the most threatened area, the Northeast Region, ABSTRACT Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: tenuipalpidae), commonly known as the red palm mite (RPM), is an invasive polyphagous pest, which has emerged as a threat to agriculture in the Americas. In the Americas, the mite has not only spread quickly, but also greatly extended its host range in the new areas where it has been observed. We present here new records of the RPM in Brazilian states, with focus on its arrival into the most threatened area, the Northeast Region. Coconut and banana are important crops in this region of Brazil and represent the main threatened crops by this pest. These new records of RPM reinforce the idea that this species is already widely distributed throughout Brazil eight years after its introduction into the extreme North state of Roraima. Comments on the possible economic, social and environmental impacts are presented. ARTICLE HISTORY
Can Euseius alatus DeLeon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Prey on Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae)
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RESUMO. Euseius alatus DeLeon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) é um dos predadores mais comuns em fruteiras no Brasil, alimentando-se de pólen, ácaros e outros pequenos artrópodes. Este predador apresenta ampla distribuição, ocorrendo desde o Rio Grande do Sul até o Ceará. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento e na reprodução de E. alatus e determinar suas exigências térmicas. O estudo foi conduzido a 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 5% e fotofase de 12h. Nessas temperaturas, o período de ovoadulto durou 14,0; 8,1; 5,5; 4,9; 3,8 e 3,1 dias, respectivamente. Os estágios de ovo, larva, protoninfa, deutoninfa e período de ovo-adulto apresentaram limiares térmicos de 12,52; 13,85; 14,86; 14,86 e 13,31ºC e constantes térmicas de 22,32; 14,23; 16,23; 17,3 e 70,16 graus dias. Os valores para os parâmetros da tabela de vida de fertilidade, analisados em conjunto com os valores das diferentes variáveis de desenvolvimento em diferentes temperaturas, permitiram concluir que a temperatura de 30°C mostrou-se mais adequada ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de E. alatus em laboratório. Logo, tudo indica que E. alatus encontra melhores condições de temperatura para se desenvolver em regiões mais quentes do Brasil, como as preponderantes no Nordeste brasileiro.Palavras-chave: acari, inimigo natural, exigências térmicas, fruteiras tropicais, tabela de vida de fertilidade.ABSTRACT. Biology of predator mite Euseius alatus DeLeon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under different temperatures. Euseius alatus DeLeon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the most common predators of tropical fruit trees in Brazil, feeding of pollen, mites and other small arthropods. This predator presents wide distribution, occurring from Rio Grande do Sul to Ceará. This work had as objective to evaluate the effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of E. alatus, in addition to determining their thermal requirements. The study was accomplished at temperatures of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33°C; relative humidity of 70 ± 5%; and 12-h photophase. At these temperatures, the egg-adult period lasted 14.0; 8.1; 5.5; 4.9; 3.8 and 3.1 days, respectively. The egg, larva, protonymph and deutonymph stages and the egg-adult period presented thermal thresholds of 12.52; 13.85; 14.86; 14.86 and 13.31ºC, and thermal constants of 22.32; 14.23; 16.23; 17.3 and 70.16 degrees days. The values for the parameters of the fertility life table, analyzed in conjunction with the values of the different variables of development at different temperatures, showed that the temperature of 30ºC is the most suitable for development and reproduction of E. alatus in the laboratory. Therefore, is it apparent that the best temperature conditions for the development of E. alatus are found in the warmer regions of Brazil, such as those observed in northeastern Brazil.
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