-The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with detoxified castor meal (DCM) in the diet of ewes during pregnancy, partum, and post-partum on the weight development of their offspring and at slaughter. The study included 56 ewes with synchronized estrus that were naturally mated. At the beginning of pregnancy and in post-partum, hepatic and renal function-related parameters and progesterone levels were measured. At slaughter, the proximate composition and fatty acid profile were determined in the loin of ewes. There was no effect of diet on reproductive response after estrus synchronization. At the beginning of pregnancy, albumin and creatinine levels were lower in the DCM group. Supplementation with DCM did not alter the weight or body condition of ewes at partum. However, at weaning, the DCM group showed a higher loin-eye area (LEA) in relation to the group fed diets without detoxified castor meal (WDCM). At partum, as well as at weaning, the offspring of the ewes supplemented with DCM had a larger LEA than the WDCM group. In post-partum, levels of glucose, urea, protein, and cholesterol were lower in the DCM group. The return to cyclicity was similar in both groups, with an average of 47 days after partum. At slaughter, neither anatomical and carcass components nor the results of the proximate analysis were affected by the type of diet, except for an increase in heptadecanoic acid in the DCM group. Supplementation with detoxified castor meal in the diet of ewes does not affect lambing, pregnancy, prolificacy, return to cyclicity, milk production, blood biochemical parameters, or carcass characteristics.
Use of castor meal (Ricinus communisL AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the total substitution of soybean meal with castor meal, detoxified or non-detoxified, on the response to estrous synchronization, conception rate, early fetal development, presence of IgG, and metabolic-hormonal response. Sixty mixed goats were fed diets without castor meal (WCM), with detoxified castor meal (DCM), and with castor meal (CM) during early pregnancy. The goats had their estrous synchronized and were then submitted to the mating season. The number of fetuses was determined by ultrasonography after 25 days of mating and their development was followed until 60 days of gestation. Plasma levels of progesterone (P 4 ), liver enzymes, and urea were determined along with the evaluation of the immunological response. After 15 days of experimental feeding, immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected by western blotting only in goats that received non-detoxified castor meal. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of type of diet on response to estrous synchronization, plasma P 4 levels, conception rate, or embryonic/fetal development. In pregnant goats, there was an effect of diet (p < 0.001) on plasma urea levels in multiple-birth pregnancy, gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) in single-birth pregnancy, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both types of pregnancy. In non-pregnant goats, there were increased urea levels in all types of diets and in LDH in WCM goats, but GGT levels decreased in the WCM and CM goats when compared with pregnant goats (p > 0.05). In addition, plasma levels of LDH in WCM goats and of urea in all types of diet were higher in non-pregnant goats than pregnant goats. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the inclusion of 15% castor meal, whether or not it is detoxified, to the diet of goats does not affect the reproductive performance, embryonic and early fetal development, or blood metabolites. ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da substituição total do farelo de soja por farelo de mamona detoxificado ou não sobre a resposta à sincronização do estro, taxa de concepção, desenvolvimento fetal inicial, presença de IgG e resposta metabólica-hormonal. Sessenta cabras mestiças foram alimentadas sem farelo de mamona (SFM), com farelo de mamona detoxificado (FMD) e com farelo de mamona (FM) durante a gestação inicial. Todos os animais tiveram o estro sincronizado e depois foram acasaladas por monta natural. A partir do 25º dia após a monta, foi determinado o número de fetos e realizado o acompanhado do desenvolvimento dos mesmos por ultrassonografia até os 60 dias de gestação. Foi avaliado o perfil de progesterona (P 4 ), os níveis de metabólitos e a resposta imunológica. A partir do 15º dia de alimentação a imunoglobulina G (IgG) foi marcada através da técnica de Western Blotting, apenas em animais que receberam farelo de mamona não detoxificado. Não houve efeito (p>0,05) do tipo de dieta sobre a resposta à sincronização do estro, níveis plasmáticos de P 4 , taxa de gestação e desenvo...
The present study evaluates the use of dried carnauba wax palm fruit in 28 postpartum goats fed diets containing Bermudagrass hay and either corn (WCWP) or carnauba-based (CWP) concentrated feed. Estrus synchronization was performed 90 days postpartum, and the goats were mated. In the CWP group, compared to the WCWP group, the daily dry matter intake was significantly reduced (646.48 ± 11.03 g vs. 739.29 ± 3.24 g, respectively; P < 0.01). The time to the first functional corpus luteum was similar between the groups, occurring a mean 66 days postpartum. During estrus synchronization, the CWP group had a decreased sternal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness when compared to the WCWP group (11.93 ± 0.45 mm vs. 13.69 ± 0.57 mm, respectively; P < 0.05) and a lower pregnancy rate (86.67% vs. 46.15%, respectively; P < 0.02). The embryonic vesicle and crown-rump length growth rates, and the biparietal, thoracic, and abdominal diameters at 45 days of pregnancy were within normal range for goats in both groups. Litter size at birth was similar between the groups at a mean 1.39 ± 0.11. In conclusion, the substitution of corn with dehydrated carnauba wax palm fruit in concentrated feed for postpartum goats showed no positive effects. Reduced feed intake in the does consuming the carnauba diet caused decreased body reserves, which probably resulted in a decreased pregnancy rate in the affected does. Key words: Carnauba wax palm, goats, pregnancy rate, progesterone ResumoO presente estudo avaliou o uso do fruto da carnaubeira desidratado em 28 cabras no período pós-parto alimentadas com dieta contendo feno de Tifton e concentrado comercial a base de milho (WCWP) ou com o fruto da carnaubeira (CWP). A sincronização de estro foi realizada aos 90 dias pós-parto e todas as fêmeas foram cobertas. No grupo CWP, em relação ao grupo WCWP, o consumo de matéria seca foi significativamente menor (646,48 ± 11,03 g vs. 739,29 ± 3,24 g, respectivamente; P < 0,01). O tempo para o aparecimento do primeiro corpo lúteo funcional foi semelhante entre os grupos, ocorrendo em média aos 66 dias pós-parto. No momento da sincronização do estro, o grupo CWP apresentou uma menor espessura do tecido adiposo subcutâneo esternal quando comparado ao grupo WCWP (13,69 ± 0,57 mm vs. 11,93 ± 0,45 mm, respectivamente; P < 0,05) e uma menor taxa de gestação (86,67% vs. 46,15%, respectivamente; P < 0.02). A taxa de crescimento da vesícula embrionária e do comprimento crânio-caudal, assim como no diâmetro biparietal, torácico e abdominal aos 45 dias de gestação estavam em ambos os grupos dentro do esperado para a espécie em questão. Ao parto a prolificidade não diferiu entre os grupos, com média de 1,39 ± 0,11. Em conclusão, a substituição total do milho pelo fruto da carnaubeira no concentrado fornecido às fêmeas caprinas no período pós-parto não apresentou efeitos positivos. A redução da ingestão da dieta nas fêmeas alimentadas com carnaúba levou a uma diminuição das reservas corporais, a qual provavelmente foi a principal causa da diminuição na tax...
Twenty-five adult crossbred goats, divided in two groups, were fed over a period of 16 months with diets based on Tifton hay and concentrate feed with (DCM) or without (WDCM) detoxified castor bean meal as a substitute for soybean meal. Throughout 480 days, blood samples were taken to measure lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, albumin and creatinine. The animals were euthanized, and the anatomical components (lungs, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys, tongue, empty stomach, empty intestines, omentum, cardiac and renal adipose tissue), carcass and commercial cuts (shoulder, ham, loin, ribs and neck) were weighed. Thereafter, an anatomic dissection of the loin was performed, separating the muscle, adipose and bone tissues. On the muscular part of the loin, longissimus dorsi, the proximate composition, fatty acid profile and the expression of SEW-1, IGF-I and IGF-II were analyzed. A higher incidence of bone tissue was observed in the anatomical dissections of the loin and a lower incidence of fat in the proximate composition of the longissimus dorsi of the DCO group compared to the WDCM group (p < 0.05). The expression of the IGF-II and SEW-1 genes was higher (p < 0.001 for each) in the muscle tissue of the DCM animals. Thus, using detoxified castor bean meal for long periods does not produce significant changes in the anatomical composition of the loin or the proximate composition of the longissimus dorsi. However, the differences in gene expression suggest the need for new investigations and care when using this product for animal feeding. Key words: Castor bean, goat, muscle tissue ResumoVinte e cinco cabras adultas mestiças, divididas em dois grupos, foram alimentadas por um período de 16 meses com dietas a base de feno de tifton e concentrado sem (SFMD) e com farelo de mamona destoxificado (FMD) em substituição ao farelo de soja. Aos 480 dias, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de lactato desidrogenase, aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, uréia, albumina e creatinina. Em seguida, os animais foram sacrificados e foi realizada a pesagem dos componentes anatômicos (pulmões, coração, baço, fígado, rins, língua, estomago vazio, intestino vazio, omento, tecido adiposo cardíaco e renal), da carcaça e dos cortes comerciais (paleta, pernil, lombo, costelas e pescoço). Posteriormente, foi realizada a dissecção anatômica do lombo, separando tecidos muscular, adiposo e ósseo. Na porção muscular do lombo, Longissimus dorsii, foram analisadas a composição centesimal, o perfil de ácidos graxos e a expressão dos genes SEW-1, IGF-I e IGF-II. Verificou-se uma incidência superior de tecido ósseo na dissecção anatômica do lombo e uma incidência inferior de gordura na composição centesimal do Longissimus dorsii do grupo FMD em relação ao grupo SFMD (p < 0,05). A expressão do gene IGF-II resultou superior (p < 0,001) no tecido muscular dos animais FMD, bem como para o gene SEW-1 (p < 0,001). Diante do exposto, podemos concluir que a utilização do fare...
ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do bagaço de caju (BC) e raspa de mandioca (RM) na alimentação sobre a produção de embriões in vivo e expressão de diferentes genes em cabras. Três dietas foram oferecidas a 28 cabras em quantidade para satisfazer 1,5 vezes as exigências de manutenção. A dieta controle foi composta por feno de tifton e concentrado (milho 80%, farelo de soja 15%, minerais 5%). Nos tratamentos, o farelo de soja foi substituído parcialmente pelo bagaço de caju ou raspa de mandioca no concentrado. Após o tratamento de superovulação, os embriões foram recuperados e classificados de acordo com as normas da IETS. A expressão relativa de RNAm para IGF-IR, IGF-II, GLUT-I and HSP-70.1 em embriões caprinos foi determinada pela RT-PCR semi-quantitativa. Não houve diferença entre dietas (p>0,05) na taxa de ovulação, resposta superovulatória, recuperação embrionária e taxa de fertilidade. O número de embriões não diferiu entre as dietas (p>0,05), porém no grupo BC e RM houve um incremento de mórulas (p<0,05). A expressão gênica diferiu apenas para o gene HSP 70.1 no grupo RM, não havendo diferenças na expressão dos genes IGF-IR, IGF-II e GLUT-I (p>0,05). A utilização do BC e da RM foram eficientes na produção de embriões in vivo e apenas a raspa de mandioca afetou a expressão do gene HSP 70.1, relacionado com o estresse embrionário.Palavras-chave: embrião, caprino, ovulação, produção in vivo de embriões. AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the cashew bagasse (BC) and cassava scrapes (RM) on embryos in vivo production and gene expression in goats. Three diets were offered to 28 goats in amount to satisfy 1.5 times the maintenance requirements. The control diet was composed by tifton grass hay and concentrate (80% corn, 15% soybean meal, 5% minerals). In the treatments, soybean meal was partially replaced by cashew bagasse or cassava root scrapings in the concentrate. After superovulation treatment, the embryos were recovered and classified according to IETS statements. The relative mRNA expression for IGF-IR, IGF-II, GLUT-I and HSP-70.1 in goat embryos were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Diets did not affect (p>0.05) the ovulation rate, superovulation response, embryo recovery and fertility rate. The number of viable embryos was similar (p>0.05). Diets with BC and RM showed an increment of morulae stage (p<0.05). Gene expression differed for HSP 70.1 gene in RM group, whereas no difference was detected for IGF-IR, IGF-II and GLUT-I expression (p>0.05). The use of the BC and the RM were efficient in the production of in vivo embryos and only cassava scrapes affected the expression of the gene related to embryo stress.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.