In addition to its health benefits, exercise training has been pointed out as modulator of the gut microbiota. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) on gut microbiota composition remain unknown. Wistar rats underwent 12 weeks of RT. Body weight, glucose tolerance test, visceral body fat, triglyceride concentration, and food consumption were evaluated. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rats that underwent RT showed lower body weight (p=0.0005), lower fat content (p=0.02), and better glucose kinetics (p=0.047) when compared to the control. Improvements in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were identified in the RT group. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Comamonas decreased significantly after 12 weeks of RT (p<0.001). These results suggest that RT has the potential to enhance the diversity of the gut microbiota and improve its biological functions.
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely used for health and performance. However, the combination of whey protein and natural foods (i.e., fruits) is still unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of supplemental HPD with Bocaiuva (Acrocomia sp.) in metabolic and body composition parameters of rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats (203.3 -30 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: normoproteic control (CON, n = 5), sedentary high-protein (SH, n = 5), RT + H (trained high-protein [TH], n = 5), sedentary+Bocaiuva (SH+B, n = 4), and RT+Bocaiuva (TH+B, n = 4) diet groups. After 12 weeks of RT, the maximal strength increased in both trained groups (P < .05). The TH + B group had lower values of adiposity index (AI) (3.8 -0.7% vs. 6.8 -1.3%) and visceral fat (0.038 -0.004 g/g vs. 0.067 -0.012 g/g) compared with the SH group, respectively (P < .05). The other groups did not show differences in values of AI (CON, 5.4 -1.6%, TH, 5.4 -1.3%, and SH+B, 5.5 -1.2%). In addition, the fasting glucose of trained groups (TH, 106.0 -4.5, and TH+B, 100.4 -13.5 dL/mg) was significantly lower when compared with controls (SH, 120.0 -14.4, and SH+B, 119 -6.4 dL/mg) (P < .05). Bocaiuva combined with an HPD reduced visceral fat and AI in addition to improving glucose tolerance of rats submitted to RT.
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely accepted as a way to stimulate muscle protein synthesis when combined with resistance training (RT). However, the effects of HPDs on adipose tissue plasticity and local inflammation are yet to be determined. This study investigated the impact of HPDs on glucose control, adipocyte size, and epididymal adipose inflammatory biomarkers in resistance-trained rats. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal-protein (NPD; 17% protein total dietary intake) and HPD (26.1% protein) without RT and NPD and HPD with RT. Trained groups received RT for 12 weeks with weights secured to their tails. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, adipocyte size, and an array of cytokines were determined. While HPD without RT induced glucose intolerance, enlarged adipocytes, and increased TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL1-β levels in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05), RT diminished these deleterious effects, with the HPD + RT group displaying improved blood glucose control without inflammatory cytokine increases in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT increased glutathione expression independent of diet (p < 0.05). RT may offer protection against adipocyte hypertrophy, pro-inflammatory states, and glucose intolerance during HPDs. The results highlight the potential protective effects of RT to mitigate the maladaptive effects of HPDs.
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