Lack of urban accessibility and mobility are transportation systems problems caused, mainly, by the saturation of the road system capacity. This is materialized in terms of congestions, pollution and traffic accidents, threatening the life quality and competitiveness of urban areas, as well as have negatively affected sustainable development. The costs arising from such imperfection of the transportation system (externalities) affect, among other economic sectors, the real estate market. One of the reasons is the absence of planning support tools. In order to fill this gap, this paper aims to investigate geoprocessing tools to land useland price analysis, through transportation database. The article discusses how the concentration of origins and destinations of urban trips shape land use and influence land price. The study area São Paulo City, a megacity with more than 11 million inhabitants, and the database consists of a thematic map of land use generated through remote sensing satellite imagery classification, data from an Origin / Destination Home-interview Survey held in 2007 by the São Paulo Metropolitan Company (METRÔ-public company responsible for operating the subway trains), São Paulo city highway network, and georeferenced data about the official value of land and edification provided by the Municipality of São Paulo (2010). It is performed a spatial analysis by using originsdestinations data, and is identified the areas with the high number of urban trips, the accessibility and mobility are assessed, and is compared with the land price that the municipality uses in order to calculate fees and taxes. Besides, the socioeconomic aspects of the traffic zones such as number of jobs, number of households, information about the population (average family income, education, gender, age, etc.), amount of school enrollment, and so on, are taken into account in order to characterize the sites regarding to real estate market.
Vegetation provides natural protection to soil, avoiding severe mass movements and regulating the flooding cycle of the drainage. The replacement of natural vegetation for urban areas takes population to risk situation. This hazard is increased in Megacities context, once the population density is very high and the low income population is exposed to slums and precarious settlements. Sao Paulo City is a great example for this process, where the prices of real estate nearby transportation system quickly increased in the last 5 years, accelerating the urban sprawl in risk areas. This work aims to assess the land cover changes at hazard areas in Sao Paulo city and relate this process with the expansion of the public transportation system. LANDSAT TM 5 scenes for the years 1986 and 2010 were classified using SVM algorithm. The hazard areas were defined based on the geotechnical map. The land cover change was evaluated for the whole study area, as well as focused on the hazardous areas such as flash flood and landslide. The results showed significant loss of vegetation in Sao Paulo City, and a large increase of the urban occupation at hazard areas. Findings from this study quantified loss of 43% for vegetation areas, 88% for bare soil areas, and 66% for pasture as consequences of uncontrolled urbanization process. Understanding land cover changes is important to subside urban planning, and avoid hazard areas occupation. Mainly considering the increasing projection for population, it is important to map and preview future occupation at hazard areas and also understand the factors that contribute to it. The subway system, rail system and roads expansion had a high contribution to this process. Therefore, this paper is relevant; because it points that transportation projects must consider the consequences over urban expansion and hazard areas occupation. This information, must be consider in relocation projects, once the hazard area population must not be relocated to places with lack of urban infrastructure.
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