This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different anthropic landscape profiles on the diversity and distribution of mosquito species in a rural settlement of the Brazilian Amazon. Eight field collections were conducted at 18 sampling points interspersed throughout 2020–2021. Plastic containers, bamboo internodes, and tires were used as traps to capture immature mosquitoes in three distinct habitats: forest, forest edge, and peridomicile. A total of 15,547 individuals, distributed in 26 species of culicids, were collected. The most abundant species were Culex urichii (8,376 specimens), Culex (Melanoconion) (2,473 specimens), and Aedes albopictus (1,252 specimens). Forest habitat showed the highest abundance, and forest edge showed the highest species richness. Different types of environments influenced both the abundance and richness of mosquitoes. The species composition was also significantly different between the analyzed sites, mainly between forest and peridomicile environments. The change in species dominance could largely explain this change in mosquito community composition. Haemagogus janthinomys, an important sylvatic arbovirus vector, was found in peridomicile habitats and Ae. albopictus, a vector associated with human environments, was found in forest habitats, thus providing evidence of species spillover. Our results indicated that landscape changes affect mosquito communities, influencing their richness and abundance. These changes may have implications for future arboviral outbreaks in this rural settlement due to the possible establishment of sylvatic vector species in anthropic environments.
Females of simuliid black flies are haematophagous insects and vectors of several pathogenic agents of human diseases such as the filarial worms Mansonella ozzardi and Onchocerca volvulus. The genus Cerqueirellum is one of the most important groups of vectors of mansonellosis and onchocerciasis diseases in south America, and the genera Coscaroniellum and Shelleyellum are phylogenetically close to Cerqueirellum. There is not yet an agreement among authors about the generic classification of the species which compose these three genera, being all lumped by some taxonomists within Psaroniocompsa. A cladistic analysis of all species of Coscaroniellum, Cerqueirellum, and Shelleyellum, based on 41 morphological characters were done. species closely related to Cerqueirellum were included in the analysis. The genera Cerqueirellum, Coscaroniellum and Shelleyellum were demonstrated as consistent basal entities and well-defined monophyletic clades.Key words: Phylogeny, Cerqueirellum, Coscaroniellum, Shelleyellum, Psaroniocompsa. As fêmeas de piuns ou borrachudos da família simuliidae são hematófagas e vetoras de diversos patógenos, destacando-se os vermes filarióides Mansonella ozzardi e Onchocerca volvulus. Dentre os grupos supra-específicos que são vetores de mansonelose e oncocercose na América do sul, destaca-se o gênero Cerqueirellum. os gêneros Coscaroniellum e Shelleyellum são filogeneticamente muito próximos a Cerqueirellum. não existia concordância quanto à validade de Cerqueirellum e Coscaroniellum como clados supra-específicos, sendo ambos os gêneros incluídos, por uma escola taxonômica, como grupos de espécies em Psaroniocompsa. neste trabalho é feita uma análise filogenética baseada em caracteres morfológicos dos três gêneros.. os gêneros Cerqueirellum, Coscaroniellum e Shelleyellum. apresentaram-se como entidades basais válidas, consistentes e monofiléticas.
Análise cladística dos gêneros neotropicais
The first survey of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Ceará State, Brazil, resulted in the discovery of a new species, Inaequalium maranguapense, for which larvae, pupae, and pharate females are described. This new species was found in a small stream in a mountainous region near the coast. The female has a cibarium lacking the typical central elevation of the genus; the pupa has four gill filaments inflated proximally and arising from the same point; the larva has rectal papillae typically comprised of simple lobes. The following additional species were collected from Ceará State: Chirostilbia acarayense, Ectemnaspis perflava, E. nr. kabanayense, Hemicnetha rubrithorax, H. brachyclada, I. subnigrum, and Psaroniocompsa incrustata. The cibarium of E. perflava is redescribed. Identification keys to the larvae and pupae of black flies from the study area are provided.
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