This research brings together digital inequality scholars from across the Americas and Caribbean to examine efforts to tackle digital inequality in Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. As the case studies show, governmental policy has an important role to play in reducing digital disparities, particularly for potential users in rural or remote areas, as well as populations with great economic disparities. We find that public policy can effectively reduce access gaps when it combines the trifecta of network, device, and skill provision, especially through educational institutions. We also note, that urban populations have benefitted from digital inclusion strategies to a greater degree. This underscores that, no matter the national context, rural-urban digital inequality (and often associated economic inequality) is resistant to change. Even when access is provided, potential users may not find it affordable, lack skills, and/or see no benefit in adoption. We see the greatest potential for future digital inclusion in two related approaches: 1) initiatives that connect with hard-to-reach, remote, and rural communities outside urban cores and 2) initiatives that learn from communities about how best to provide digital resources while respecting their diversely situated contexts, while meeting social, economic and political needs.
This article discusses the role of media and communications in contributing to social progress, as elaborated in a landmark international project-the International Panel on Social Progress. First, it analyses how media and digital platforms have contributed to global inequality by examining media access and infrastructure across world regions. Second, it looks at media governance and the different mechanisms of corporatized control over media platforms, algorithms, and contents. Third, the article examines how the democratization of media is a key element in the struggle for social justice. It argues that effective media access-in terms of distribution of media resources, even relations between spaces of connection and the design and operation of spaces that foster dialogue, free speech and respectful cultural exchange-is a core component of social progress.
her huge support in managing the drafting process and bringing together the final version (with her skill and professionalism, the task would have been impossible!); Guy Berger of UNESCO and Anita Gurumurthy of ITforChange for their excellent comments on an earlier draft, as well as all those who contributed through IPSP's public comments process; and Emma Christina Montaña for her excellent work on the Spanish translation of the chapter.
In this article, I examine 5 participatory indigenous videos from Peru, Kenya, Philippines, Mexico, and France/Argentina to examine how they narrate the relationship between indigenous peoples and nature. I analyze the videos according to A. A. Doolittle's (2010) rhetorical tools. I discuss the way the videos emphasize (a) the intrinsic relationship between indigenous peoples and Mother Earth or (b) a history of abuse and exploitation leading to land dispossession and environmental degradation. The study contributes to the understanding of indigenous video as an instrument for cultural and political activism. It focuses on the rhetorical dimension of video, taking into account both images and sounds/voices.
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