Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl solution (2.5%) and gel (3%) with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Methods: 40 human lower premolars were contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922) for 28 days and E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) for 21 days. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups: (1) 2.5% NaOCl irrigating the canals without PUI activation; (2) 2.5% NaOCl with PUI; (3) 3% NaOCl gel irrigating the canals without PUI; and (4) 3% NaOCl gel with PUI. 40 mL of irrigant was used for each group. PUI activation was carried out using E1-Irrisonic stainless-steel tip at 10% frequency. After treatment, all specimens were filled with 3mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3min and then washed with nonpyrogenic saline solution. Three samples were collected from the canals: S1, at baseline to confirm biofilm formation; S2 after treatment; and S3 after EDTA. Samples were assessed for E. coli and E. faecalis colony forming units, and LPS and LTA were assessed using chromogenic kinetic LAL assay and ELISA, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedmann and Dunn tests with α≤0.05. Results: All groups were effective in reducing the microbial load of E. coli and E. faecalis after treatment without a significant difference among the groups. NaOCl and NaOCl gel groups had no significant difference in reducing LPS and LTA. Statistically increased reduction was seen for NaOCL + PUI and NaOCl gel + PUI compared for groups without PUI. Conclusions: NaOCl gel has the same antimicrobial action of NaOCl solution and can partially detoxify endotoxins. PUI improves NaOCl (gel or solution) action over E. faecalis and E. coli and their endotoxins.
Resumo Introdução: O diabetes mellitus é uma condição sistêmica que pode causar retardo da resposta tecidual frente a uma lesão. Diversos estudos têm apontado o laser como importante ferramenta terapêutica para o auxílio do processo de reparo tecidual. Contudo, poucos estudos foram realizados com o emprego de LED (Light Emitting Diode). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da terapia com LED (λ = 945 ± 20nm) de baixa intensidade sobre tecido epitelial de ratos diabéticos em processo de reparo. Métodos: Para tal, foi realizada a indução de diabetes experimental em 20 ratos machos (Wistar), com administração de 40mg/kg, por via endovenosa, de mono-hidrato de aloxana diluído em solução tampão. Após 14 dias, os animais foram submetidos à incisão tecidual na região dorsal, seguida de sutura e divididos em grupo-controle (GI e GIII, 3 e 7 dias pós-lesão, respectivamente), e grupo-tratado com LED (GII e GIV, 3 e 7 dias pós-lesão, respectivamente). Os animais do grupo tratado (n = 10) foram irradiados de forma transcutânea, em duas sessões (30 minutos e 48 horas pós-lesão). Resultados: O número de fi broblastos foi signifi cativamente maior no GIV em relação ao GIII. Conclusão: Considerando o aumento do número de fi broblastos (análise quantitativa) e o adequado fechamento da lesão (análise qualitativa), pode-se concluir que houve um efeito positivo da terapia LED na região do infravermelho próximo sobre o processo de reparo, após 7 dias de lesão tecidual em animais diabéticos (GIV). (GI and GIII, respectively) and groups treated with LED (GII and GIV, respectively Palavras-chave LED, Reparo tecidual, Diabetes mellitus. Low level LED therapy (λ = 945 ± 20 nm) effect on epithelial tissue of diabetic rats during repairing process
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