We were able to find specific behavioral responses and neural activation patterns for two parts of body image in anorexia nervosa and healthy controls. Thus, the present results underline the importance of developing research and therapeutic strategies that target the two different aspects of body image separately.

This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between this BDNF polymorphism and hippocampal volumes. For each BDNF genotype, the hippocampal volumes were significantly lower in neuropsychiatric patients than in healthy controls.

These findings suggest that vulnerability to psychosis was associated with neurofunctional alterations in fronto-temporo-parietal networks in a WM task. Neurofunctional differences within the ARMS were related to different duration of the prodromal state and resilience factors.

Quantitative myelin water imaging is able to show demyelinating processes and, therefore, provides insight into the pathology of white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. So far, mapping of the myelin water fraction most often was performed using single-slice multiecho spin-echo sequences. Recently, a different approach using two-dimensional multigradient-echo pulse sequences was suggested. In this work, a solution to three-dimensional in vivo myelin water fraction imaging is presented that applies multigradient-echo pulse sequences and uses non-negative least squares algorithms to analyze the multicomponent T* 2 decay. The suggested method offers not only whole brain coverage but also clinically practicable acquisition times. The obtained myelin water fraction values are low (6.9% for white matter) but are able to detect demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions. However, the clinical application of the proposed method remains questionable, because further measurements that clarify the possibility of detecting ongoing processes in lesions are needed. Magn Reson Med 68:523-528, 2012. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: myelin water fraction; multigradient-echo pulse sequences; multiple sclerosis; non-negative least-squares algorithm; in vivo imagingMyelin is an electrically insulating material that consists of multiple lipid bilayers surrounding the axons of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. The myelin sheath tightly encloses water, which exhibits therefore special magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties. When compared with the intracellular and extracellular water of the axon, the myelin water experiences a shorter transverse relaxation T 2 . The existence of the short T 2 was first shown 30 years ago in an in vitro study (1).By performing multicomponent analysis of the T 2 decay in white matter (WM), quantification of the socalled myelin water fraction (MWF) becomes feasible. The most important method for quantitative myelin water imaging was introduced by MacKay et al. in 1994 (2), where a single-slice 32-echo spin-echo sequence was used for acquisition of the T 2 relaxation. The data was analyzed with the help of a non-negative least-squares (NNLS) algorithm (3) and the MWF was then calculated according to the fractional size of the short T 2 compartment. This technique was later used for the investigation of demyelinating processes in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), where reduced MWF in lesions could be observed (4).Only recently, a different approach to myelin water imaging using two-dimensional multigradient-echo (mGRE) pulse sequences was published by Du et al. (5). In their study, acquisition of T* 2 decay was performed in postmortem brains at 3 T and analyzed by using a fixed three-pool WM model. The proposed method was later on successfully extended to in vivo measurements of healthy subjects (6). MWF mapping based on mGRE pulse sequences has the important advantages of a short first echo time and short echo spacing, which enable accurate...