Background: Understanding early-life complementary feeding dietary patterns and their determining factors could lead to better ways of improving nutrition in early childhood. The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence of the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns (DPs) in children under 24 months. Methods: Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central, NICE guidelines, and Trip database were searched for observational studies that evaluated sociodemographic factors and their associations with DP. Results: Seven studies were selected for the present review. High education level among mothers was inversely associated with unhealthy DPs and positively associated with healthy DPs. Higher household income was negatively associated with unhealthy DPs. Four studies showed a positive association between low household income and unhealthy DPs and three studies showed a positive association between higher household income and healthy DPs. Additionally, in younger mothers, body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and number of children were positively associated with unhealthy DPs. Conclusions: This review provides evidence of a positive association between mothers’ higher education level, higher household income, higher maternal age, and healthy dietary patterns as well as a negative association between these factors and unhealthy dietary patterns. Further studies from low- and middle-income countries are needed for comparison with associations showed in this review.

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This report is of a community-based case control study to assess whether the severity of acute diarrhea by rotavirus (RV) in young children is associated with a particular VP7 (G) or VP4 (P) RV serotype. Five hundred twenty children younger than 2 years of age with diarrhea lasting less than 3 days were age and gender matched with 520 children with no diarrhea. The G and P serotypes were determined with specific monoclonal antibodies, and the VP4 serotype specificity in a subgroup was confirmed by genotyping. Infection with a G3 serotype led to a higher risk of diarrhea than infection with a G1 serotype. Infection with a G3-nontypeable-P serotype was associated with more severe gastroenteritis than infection with a G3 (or G1) P1A[8] serotype. A child with diarrhea-associated dehydration was almost five times more likely to be infected with a G3-nontypeable-P serotype than a child without dehydration (P < 0.001). Moreover, the two predominant monotypes within serotype P1A[8] had significantly different clinical manifestations. In this study, the severity of RV-associated diarrhea was related to different P serotypes rather than to G serotypes. The relationship between serotype and clinical outcomes seems to be complex and to vary among different geographic areas.Group A rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of acute diarrhea with severe dehydration, which endangers the lives of children under 2 years of age (14). An effective vaccine could prevent the death of 800,000 children per year (7,20).Antibody specificity to neutralize different RV strains has been used to classify them into serotypes, and both of the viral surface proteins, VP4 and VP7, induce neutralizing antibodies; hence, the RV serotype is dual and has been named G and P for VP7 and VP4, respectively (15,18,19). Based on VP7, 15 different RV serotypes have been classified in group A (19). Ten of these serotypes (G1 to G6, G8 to G10, and G12) infect humans, although five of them (G1 to G4 and, more recently, G9) seem to be responsible for most infections (19,24,29,35), while serotype G5 is emerging as epidemiologically important in Brazil (16,22). At least 21 different types of VP4, P [1] to P [21], have been defined by genomic analysis (hybridization and sequencing) (19). Ten of these P types have been found among human RV strains and correspond to specific serotypes or subtypes of VP4, as was determined by neutralization assays with monospecific hyperimmune sera directed against this protein (19). Two of these serotypes (subtypes A and B of serotype P1 and subtype A of serotype P2) are the most frequent among human RV strains (11,26). Recently, two research groups reported the isolation of the first specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize different reference strains of serotypes P1A, P1B, and P2A (5, 25). Coulson (4) introduced the term "monotype" to define the intraserotypic RV variants, which differ in their reactivities with a given MAb. Thus, a previous study identified five monotypes of serotype P1A [8] according to their reactiv...

BackgroundGaucher disease type 1 (GD1, OMIM# 230800), is a condition with high impact in patient's quality of life (QoL). We report the improvement in QoL of children with GD1 measured by Lansky play‐performance scale (LS) after enzymatic replacement therapy (ERT) and to describe our experience in the treatment of children with GD1.MethodsFive children with diagnosis of GD1 received imiglucerase 60 mg/kg every two weeks. LS, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hemoglobin, platelets, and growth rate were measured every 6 months after beginning ERT for 30 months.ResultsAfter ERT, LS increased significantly from 28 ± 16.48 points before ERT to 70 ± 10 (P = 0.0046) and 95 ± 10 (P = 0.0022) points after 6 and 30 months of ERT, respectively; hemoglobin and platelets changed significantly from 9.28 ± 0.61 to 12.40 ± 0.85 (P = 0.0198) and from 71.50 ± 14.89 to 205.00 ± 65.34 (P = 0.0428) after 30 months of ERT, respectively. All patients demonstrated decreased hepatic and splenic size with mean reductions of 66% and 80% at 30 months of treatment and the USG longitudinal axis was reduced in both liver and spleen after ERT.ConclusionThe use of ERT with imiglucerase 60 mg/kg every two weeks has substantial benefits and significantly improves QoL, assessed with Lansky Score, of the five children with GD1 studied.

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ResumenObjetivo. Comparar la gravedad de la diarrea por rotavirus (RV) y por no rotavirus. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal en 520 lactantes con diarrea aguda, efectuado entre octubre de 1994 y marzo de 1995 en siete centros del primer nivel de atención en cinco estados de México. El diagnóstico de RV se realizó con ensayo inmunoenzimá-tico o por electroforesis. El análisis se hizo a través de medidas de tendencia central. Los resultados se presentan como promedio y desviación estándar o mediana o variación. Resultados. Se aisló RV en 264 lactantes (50.7%) con predominio en varones de 6 meses a un año. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron significativamente diferentes entre el grupo rotavirus positivo y el grupo rotavirus negativo en mediana de evacuaciones por 24 horas, frecuencia de vómi-tos, temperatura > 38° C, deshidratación y calificación de gravedad, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Estos resultados mostraron peor pronóstico por mayor gravedad de la diarrea por RV en lactantes, con relación a otra etiología. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html Between October 1994 and March 1995, a cross-sectional study was performed in 520 infants with acute diarrhea, at seven primary care level centers in five states of Mexico. Diagnosis of RV was done through immunoenzymatic assay or electrophoresis. Central tendency measures were used for data analysis. Results were presented as means and standard deviations, or median and variation. Results. RV was isolated from 264 children; most of them were males aged 6 months to 1 year. Differences in clinical manifestations were statistically significant between the rotavirus-positive group and the rotavirus-negative group, in the following variables: median number of stools/24 hours; frequency of vomiting; temperature > 38°C; dehydration; and clinical severity scoring. Conclusions. These results showed a poorer prognosis and a higher severity of rotavirus diarrhea, as compared to non-rotavirus diarrhea in infants. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/ index.html

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<p>Objetivo: evaluar los conocimientos sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de talla baja adquiridos durante la residencia médica de pediatría y endocrinología pediátrica. Material y métodos: estudio transversal comparativo con metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se incluyeron 20 residentes (ocho de segundo y ocho de tercer año de pediatría, así como cuatro de endocrinología pediátrica) y se formaron tres grupos focales. Fueron presentadas diversas viñetas clínicas con casos de talla baja (dos variantes normales y siete de talla baja de origen patológico). Cada viñeta se acompañó de gráficas de crecimiento y de cinco preguntas con respuestas de opción múltiple que evaluaron el diagnóstico y el tratamiento empleado. Resultados: la mediana de calificación global de conocimientos fue 6.0. No hubo diferencia significativa en la proporción de respuestas correctas de los tres grupos en las viñetas de variantes normales (p≥0.05); sin embargo, los conocimientos sobre talla baja patológica en cuanto a certeza diagnóstica y terapéutica fueron mayores en los residentes de endocrinología pediátrica y en los de segundo año de pediatría que en los de tercer año de pediatría (p≤0.05). Conclusiones: es necesario dotar a los servicios clínicos con los instrumentos necesarios para evaluar de manera apropiada el crecimiento lineal de los niños. Se sugiere revalorar el programa de enseñanza de crecimiento y desarrollo en los residentes de pediatría.</p>