The construction industry has extensively applied the fast-tracking approach to the demanding need for the fast delivery of infrastructure projects. However, the fast-track strategy might be threatened by distinctive risks or changes in risk characteristics that emerge when activities are overlapped (overlapping risks). This article proposes a risk assessment simulation model to quantify the economic impact of overlapping risks on fast-track infrastructure projects. The model uses Monte Carlo simulation and a proprietary engine solution for the optimization procedure. It quantifies the overlapping risk impacts in the project duration and cost that could originate in three different overlapping degrees and evaluates the optimal overlapping degree to reduce the impact of the overlapping risks. The model demonstration used a commercial renovation project. The results suggest that overlapping risks have a high potential impact on the total cost, although with a high probability of attaining the target duration. Eight top risks affected the total duration, cost, or both. The optimum overlapping to reduce the economic impact and achieve the target project duration combines different overlapping degrees. This study contribution is a model for fast-track projects considering overlapping risks, their impact characteristic as a distribution, and the potential relationship between these risks.
Climate change poses a series of challenges to water management to satisfy society’s current and future needs. Considering water an essential resource for life, this research is dedicated to comparing the environmental impacts caused by the conventional water supply system and Conventional Water Supply system complemented with rainwater harvesting, considering in the first one not only the components of the municipal public supply, but also the hydraulic components of the residences until the point of use. A life cycle assessment—LCA—was conducted for the two systems, considering them from the catchment to the point of use. This methodology quantifies environmental impacts throughout the product or process life cycle to obtain sustainable options, from raw material extraction to ultimate disposal. The results expose that the hybrid system represents an increase in environmental impacts. However, at a building scale, this increase was very small, and this can be seen as favorable to the hybrid system due to the benefit it brings. The seven percent reduction in water demand over the conventional system can represent significant relief in regions that already have water stress as a reality. This study has the potential to guide managers and designers of public water policies, providing data for a better decision-making process.
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