The influence of extreme environments of volcanic origin over vertebrates and the cellular responses that these may give are almost unknown. The main objectives were to evaluate the exposure of mice to metals in the interior of houses of a small village settled inside a volcanic crater (Furnas, Azores), and the levels of apoptosis and metallothionein in the organs (lung, liver, and kidney) of those animals. Adult mice (Mus musculus) were captured in two areas, one with volcanic activity and the other without it over the last three centuries. In the excised organs, analysis of metals (Al, Cd, Pb, Zn), TUNEL assay for apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry for metallothionein were undertook. Mice from the area with volcanic activity presented higher levels of apoptosis and metallothionein than those from the area without volcanic activity. Such results were in agreement with the differences in metal burdens of the three organs, and interestingly these concentrations were similar to or higher than others found in heavily polluted areas outside the Azores. Thus, there may be a high risk of harmful effects for organisms, including humans, inhabiting areas with volcanism, where hazardous gases and metals in the air are very common during the entire day or even all year round.
RESUMOOs sedimentos urbanos depositados nas superfícies impermeáveis são uma fonte de poluição dos corpos de água no meio urbano. No entanto, poucos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para verificar o potencial poluidor desses sedimentos. Assim, este artigo visa quantificar a concentração de elementos químicos, sobretudo de metais pesados, verificar a sua relação com o fluxo de veículos e traçar o perfil granulométrico dos sedimentos. Para tal, foram coletados sedimentos em três ruas da cidade de Goiânia, pelo método de aspiração por via úmida. Os elementos foram determinados por fluorescência de raios-X por energia dispersiva (EDXRF) e a granulometria analisada por difração a laser. Os resultados mostram altas concentrações de elementos tóxicos como Ba (1098 mg/kg), Cr (174 mg/kg) e Zn (280 mg/kg). Em geral, a ordem decrescente de concentração dos elementos foi Si > Al > Fe > Ca > K > Ti > S > Ba > Zn > Mn > Cr > Sr > Cu > Zr > V > Au > Ge. Os elementos analisados apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação de Pearson positivo para o fluxo de veículos, fato não verificado para Fe e Al. Da granulometria observou-se que mais de 60 % das frações são < que 200 μm. Palavras-chave: Sedimentos urbanos. Poluição difusa. Metais pesados. Fluorescência de Raios-X. ABSTRACTUrban sediments deposited on paved surfaces are a source of pollution to water bodies. However, a few studies have been developed to check the potential pollution of these sediments. So this article aims to quantify the concentration of chemistry elements, above all heavy metals, verify the relation of those with the traffic flow and trace the sediments grain size distribution. For this, sediments were collected in three streets in Goiânia City, by the wet vacuuming method. The elements were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and the particle size analyzed by laser diffraction. The results indicate high concentrations of toxic elements, as Ba (1098 mg/kg), Cr (174 mg/kg) e Zn (280 mg/kg). In general, the decreasing order of concentration elements were found Al > Fe > Ca > K > Ti > S > Ba > Zn > Mn > Cr > Sr > Cu > Zr > V. The elements analyzed
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