The majority of pregnant women have UI, negatively affecting the quality of their lives.

OJETIVE:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training in 46 nulliparous pregnant women. METHODS:The women were divided into 2 groups: an exercise group and a control group. Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscle was performed by digital vaginal palpation using the strength scale described by Ortiz and by a perineometer (with and without biofeedback). RESULTS:The functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles showed a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy in both groups (P < .001). However, the magnitude of the change was greater in the exercise group than in the control group (47.4% vs. 17.3%, P < .001). The study also showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman´s test, r = 0.643; P < .001) between perineometry and digital assessment in the strength of pelvic floor muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle training resulted in a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle pressure and strength during pregnancy. A significant positive correlation between functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscle and perineometry was observed during pregnancy. KEYWORDS:Exercise and movement techniques. Pelvic floor. Musculoskeletal diseases. Perineum. Pregnancy. Brief summary:To evaluate the effects of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy by evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function of the pelvic floor and by perineometry. The analysis of the effects of functional evaluation of the pelvic floor revealed a significant increase in pelvic floor muscle strength during pregnancy.

No abstract

The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and successful treatment of this disease needs constant provision of new drugs. Twelve classes of antidiabetic drugs are currently available, and many new drugs are under clinical development. These include compounds with known mechanisms of action but unique properties, such as once-weekly DPP4 inhibitors or oral insulin. They also include drugs with new mechanisms of action, the focus of this review. Most of these compounds are in Phase 1 and 2, with only a small number having made it to Phase 3 at this time. The new drug classes described include PPAR agonists/modulators, glucokinase activators, glucagon receptor antagonists, anti-inflammatory compounds, G-protein coupled receptor agonists, gastrointestinal peptide agonists other than GLP-1, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitors, SGLT1 and dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors, and 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors.

OBJECTIVES:To analyze the influence of lying in prone position on a specially designed stretcher on the maternal-fetal hemodynamic parameters and comfort of pregnant women.METHODS:A randomized, controlled trial with 33 pregnant women divided into 2 groups: pregnant group sequence 1 and pregnant group sequence 2. The order of positions used in sequence 1 was Fowler’s position, prone position, supine position, left lateral, Fowler’s position 2, supine position 2, prone position 2 and left lateral 2. The order of positions used in sequence 2 was Fowler’s position, prone position, left lateral, supine position, Fowler’s position 2, left lateral 2, prone position 2 and supine position 2. Each woman remained in each position for 6 minutes. For the statistical analyses, we used Wilcoxon’s test for 2 paired samples when comparing the prone position with the other positions. The variables are presented in graphs showing the means and 95% confidence intervals. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial No. ISRCTN41359519RESULTS:All the parameters were within the standards of normality. There were no differences between positions in terms of maternal heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation and fetal heart rate. However, there were significant decreases in respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure in prone position 2 compared with left lateral 2. There was an increase in oxygen saturation in prone position compared with Fowler’s position and supine position 2 in both sequences. All the women reported feeling comfortable in the prone position.CONCLUSIONS:The prone position was considered safe and comfortable and could be advantageous for improving oxygen saturation and reducing the systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.

No abstract

Introduction: The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide and there is a very large need for effective therapies. Essentially no therapies other than insulin are currently approved for the treatment of T1D. Drugs already in use for type 2 diabetes and many new drugs are under clinical development for T1D, including compounds with both established and new mechanisms of action.Content of the Review: Most of the new compounds in clinical development are currently in Phase 1 and 2. Drug classes discussed in this review include new insulins, SGLT inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, immunomodulatory drugs including autoantigens and anti-cytokines, agents that regenerate β-cells and others.Regulatory Considerations: In addition, considerations are provided with regard to the regulatory environment for the clinical development of drugs for T1D, with a focus on the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Future opportunities, such as combination treatments of immunomodulatory and beta-cell regenerating therapies, are also discussed.

O câncer (CA) de mama é a neoplasia maligna que mais acomete as mulheres no Brasil. Todo CA de mama diagnosticado durante o período gestacional, ou até um ano após o parto, é associado à gravidez. É o segundo tipo de câncer mais frequente durante a gravidez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre o CA de mama durante a gestação e elaborar um guia baseado nas informações mais relevantes encontradas nessa pesquisa. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura descritiva. Foram procurados artigos nos sites Bireme e PubMed de janeiro de 2009 até janeiro de 2015. Após serem analisados pela relevância, foram selecionados 21 artigos para a revisão da literatura, sendo 11 da Bireme e 10 do PubMed. Com este levantamento pôde-se concluir que o tema “câncer de mama na gestação” ainda levanta muitas dúvidas e gera opiniões divergentes entre os profissionais da área da saúde.Palavras-chave: câncer de mama, gravidez, quimioterapia, amamentação.