Rainfall is recognized as the most important driving force of the hydrologic cycle. To accurately represent the spatio-temporal rainfall variability continues to be an enormous hydrological task when using commonly sparse, if available, rain gauges networks. Therefore, the present study devoted a special effort to analyze the robustness of some satellite rainfall products, notably the datasets hereafter named as (i) CHIRP (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation), (ii) CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data), (iii) 3B42, and (iv) 3B42RT of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), to adequately represent the pluviometric regime in the Madeira river basin. To assess the accuracy of acquired remotely sensed rainfall products, comparisons to observational available rain gauges usually taken as ground-truth in the literature, despite their well-known limitations, were performed. Wavelet analysis was also used to validate the performance of the referred satellite products by means of extracting the corresponding cycles, frequencies, and tendencies along the available time series across the studied basin. The results showed that the data sources CHIRPS and CHIRP better represent the pluviometric phenomenon by means of their monthly accumulated rainfall in the Madeira river basin when compared to the 3B42 and 3B42RT products taking into account rain gauges as baseline information. The CHIRPS product performed the best among the selected rainfall estimators for the Madeira river basin. Further analysis brought up also another very interesting result related to non-rainfall periods, which is usually not reported. However, such evaluation is quite important in hydrology when examining run sequences of droughts and consequent effects in the water balance at the watershed scale. Highly accurate estimates in the sense of identifying non-rainfall periods by remotely sensed information was achieved, which represents an additional and valuable asset of satellite rainfall products. It is worthwhile to say that this perspective deserves to receive much more attention in the literature in order to deeply discuss the water-energy-food nexus.
Uma análise territorial do município do Rio de Janeiro é apresentada com o objetivo de contribuir com o planejamento da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos e a tomada de decisão na gestão pública de limpeza urbana. A metodologia aplicada levou em consideração dados primários e secundários do atual sistema de coleta de resíduos sólidos no contexto da geografia metropolitana, cruzando essas informações com os dados de infraestrutura viária, demografia e perfil socioeconômico da população municipal, por meio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Estas informações, conjugadas e espacializadas, indicaram que o uso de diferentes modais, conforme as características de cada região, podem otimizar o processo de coleta, reduzindo custos da operação e melhorando a prestação de serviços. Esses resultados corroboram a importância da análise de dados geográficos para a otimização de recursos, eficiência e qualidade dos programas de coleta seletiva, tendo em vista o atendimento à Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos.
Highlights • Satellite rainfall products were used to analized the pluviometric regime in the Madeira river basin. • The accuracy of acquired remotely sensed rainfall products where compared with the observational available rain gauges. • Wavelet analysis was used to validate the performance of the referred satellite products by means of extracting the corresponding cycles, frequencies, and tendencies along the available time series. • The CHIRPS product performed the best among the selected rainfall estimators for the Madeira river basin.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used essentially for spatial analysis. They can lead to the development of methods for analyzing and planning the use of geographical space and, consequently, are helpful to the decision making process, assisting those responsible for planning the use of a certain territory. This article is a result of the "Project for the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Transboundary Hydric Resources of the Amazon Basin considering Variability and Climate Change", which has the goal of strengthening institutional guidelines in order to plan and execute activities related to the protection of the land, hydric resources and sustainable management of the Amazon Basin, considering the existing impacts of climatic changes. This article aims at analyzing the process of building and implementing the GeoAmazonas GIS as one of the instruments for managing the basin, including its contribution for standardizing different data sources in the entire area of the basin and the identification of conflicts related the use of water resources and vulnerability situations.
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