Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is one of the main mechanisms used to kill microbes during innate immune response. D-lactic acid, which is augmented during acute ruminal acidosis, reduces platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced ROS production and L-selectin shedding in bovine neutrophils in vitro. This study was conducted to investigate whether acute ruminal acidosis induced by acute oligofructose overload in heifers interferes with ROS production and L-selectin shedding in blood neutrophils. Blood neutrophils and plasma were obtained by jugular venipuncture, while ruminal samples were collected using rumenocentesis. Lactic acid from plasma and ruminal samples was measured by HPLC. PAF-induced ROS production and L-selectin shedding were measured in vitro in bovine neutrophils by a luminol chemiluminescence assay and flow cytometry, respectively. A significant increase in ruminal and plasma lactic acid was recorded in these animals. Specifically, a decrease in PAF-induced ROS production was observed 8 h after oligofructose overload, and this was sustained until 48 h post oligofructose overload. A reduction in PAF-induced L-selectin shedding was observed at 16 h and 32 h post oligofructose overload. Overall, the results indicated that neutrophil PAF responses were altered in heifers with ruminal acidosis, suggesting a potential dysfunction of the innate immune response.
El melanoma maligno cutáneo es una neoplasia que se origina en los melanocitos de la capa basal de la epidermis, y que se caracteriza por su genio biológico agresivo y por su alta mortalidad. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado y oportuno resultan fundamentales para tratar exitosamente la enfermedad. Durante los últimos años se ha producido un notable aumento en su incidencia, lo que ha llevado a implementar importantes medidas de prevención. Además, se ha desarrollado una serie de recursos que permiten pesquisar y determinar la verdadera extensión de la neoplasia, lo que permite realizar un tratamiento más efectivo y establecer un apropiado pronóstico. En este artículo se analizan aspectos generales del melanoma maligno cutáneo y algunos de los avances más recientes que se han producido en su estudio y manejo.
TEST OF A TECHNIQUE TO RECOVER Toxocara canis EGGS FROM SOIL SAMPLES.A technique to recovery T. canis eggs from soil samples described in Hannover, Germany, was adapted to local conditions in Valdivia, Chile, and it was necessary to test its efficiency. 160 «Trumao type» soil samples of 25 g were prepared adding 354.4 ± 61 eggs of T. canis contained in 0.1 ml of a water suspension. In the adaptation process of the technique, it was prove three variables making 20 repetitions of the following combinations: a) detergent added: acid anionic (pH 4.6), or basic anionic (pH 11.5). b) Flotation solution used: sugar solution (density: 1.25), or saturated zinc sulphate (density: 1.38). c) with or without mechanical mixing of the samples previous to the flotation process. The best result, of an average of 50.9% (p < 0.05) of the recovered added T. canis eggs from 25g of «Trumao type» soil was obtained with the addition of acid anionic detergent to the samples, the use of a saturated zinc sulphate solution for the flotation of the eggs and mixing the samples before each flotation process.
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