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Rincón-Sánchez AR. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induction is implicated in the antioxidative and antiviral activity of acetylsalicylic acid in HCV-expressing cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302: G1264 -G1273, 2012. First published March 22, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00237.2011We evaluated the participation of oxidative stress in the negative regulation of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA induced by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). We used the HCV subgenomic replicon cell system that stably expresses HCV-nonstructural proteins (Huh7 HCV replicon cells) and the parental cell line. Cells were exposed to 4 mM ASA at different times (12-72 h), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used as an antioxidant control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidized protein levels, cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. In addition, viral RNA and prostaglandin (PGE 2) levels were determined. We observed that ASA treatment decreased ROS production and oxidized protein levels in a time-dependent fashion in both parental and HCV replicon cells with a greater extent in the latter. Similar results were found with PDTC exposure. Average GPx activity was decreased, whereas a striking increase was observed in average cytosolic SOD activity at 48 and 72 h in both cells exposed to ASA, compared with untreated cells. HCV replicon cells showed higher levels of Cu/Zn-SOD expression (mRNA and protein) with ASA treatment (48 and 72 h), whereas NS5A protein levels showed decreased expression. In addition, we found that inhibition of SOD1 expression reversed the effect of ASA. Interestingly, PDTC downregulated HCV-RNA expression (55%) and PGE2 (60%) levels, imitating ASA exposure. These results suggest that ASA treatment could reduce cellular oxidative stress markers and modify Cu/Zn-

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Background: Patients with cervical cancer (CC) receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several gastrointestinal adverse effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on fecal calprotectin, bacterial DNA levels, and gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients with CC. Methods: Clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed symbiotics or placebo three times a day for 7 weeks. Fecal calprotectin was assessed by Elisa method. DNA from probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Diarrheal evacuations were evaluated with the Bristol scale and nausea and vomiting were measured using the scale of the National Institute of Cancerology of the United States. Results: Fecal calprotectin concentration was lower in the symbiotic group compared to the control group (p <0.001). The concentrations and total proportions of the probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were similar in both groups. Nausea cases significantly diminished in both groups (p <0.001) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, the symbiotic group had a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and intensity of vomiting when compared to the control group (p <0.001). Conclusions: The symbiotic treatment decreases significantly the fecal calprotectin levels and the frequency and intensity of vomiting in patients with CC. KEYWORDS: faecal calprotectin, cervical cancer, symbiotic, qPCR.