The appropriate nutrient supply via fertilization is essential for an adequate plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics and chlorophyll index of Marandu and Xaraes grasses fertilized with wood ash. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse; the experimental design was entirely randomized, with 12 treatments and six replications arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme: two forage grasses (Marandu and Xaraes) and six wood ash doses (0; 3; 6; 9; 12; and 15 g•dm −3 ). Each plot was composed of pots with 7 dm 3 soil and five plants. Soil moisture was maintained by the gravimetric method at 60% of the maximum soil water retention capacity. Three harvests of the plant aerial part were performed at 30-day intervals. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, leaf number, tiller number, and chlorophyll index. Results were submitted to the variance analysis by F test and, after verification of the significant effects on Marandu and Xaraes characteristics, were also submitted to Tukey test; the wood ash doses were evaluated according to the regression analysis at 5% probability. Wood ash doses ranging from 10.15 to 15 g•dm −3 resulted in quadratic responses of plant height, leaf number, and tiller number for both Marandu and Xaraes grasses. The highest values of chlorophyll index derived from wood ash doses of 9.44 and 10.92 g•dm −3 , with increments greater than 50%, 25%, and 9% at the first, second, and third harvests, respectively. The wood ash, when used as a fertilizer, improves structural characteristics and increases chlorophyll indices of Marandu and Xaraes grasses cultivated in Cerrado Rhodic Hapludox.
Resumo -O fósforo é importante para o desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo imprescindível para a realização dos processos metabólicos. Objetivou-se pelo presente estudo avaliar as características morfológicas e produtivas da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em função de doses de fósforo empregando o fosfato natural reativo Bayóvar (29% de P 2 O 5 ). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso -Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis. O solo utilizado foi o Latossolo Vermelho, coletado na camada de 0-20 cm. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis doses de fósforo (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 e 250 mg dm -3 ) e cinco repetições utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Foram realizados dois cortes (aos 48 dias após a semeadura e 28 dias após o primeiro corte) e as variáveis analisadas foram: altura de planta, número de folhas, número de perfilhos, produção de massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. Todos os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão a 5% de probabilidade por meio do programa estatístico Sisvar. As doses de fósforo, adicionadas por meio do fosfato natural reativo, promoveram alterações significativas nas características morfológicas e produtivas do capim-marandu no primeiro corte proporcionando maiores produções no segundo corte. Para o capim-marandu as doses de fósforo que proporcionaram as maiores alturas correspondem ao intervalo de 162,9 e 203,4 mg dm -3 , sendo as demais variáveis ajustadas ao modelo de regressão linear. Palavras-chave -Brachiaria brizantha. Folhas. Latossolo. Massa seca.Abstract -Phosphorus is important for plant development, and is indispensable for metabolic processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and productive characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu depending on the doses of P in natural reactive phosphate Bayóvar. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Federal University of Mato Grosso -Campus Rondonópolis. The soil used was a Oxisol which was collected from the layers 0,00-0,20 m. The treatments used were six doses of phosphorus (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 and 250 mg dm -3 ) and five replications using a randomized experimental design. Two cuts (at 48 days after the sowing and 28 days thereafter) were made and the evaluated variables were: plant height, number of leafs, number of tillers, dry mass of shoot and root. All results were subjected to variance analysis and regression at 5% probability using the statistical program Sisvar. The active phosphate fertilization promoted significant changes in the morphological and productive characteristics of marandu grass at the first cut providing highest yields in the second cut. For marandu grass the doses of phosphorus that provided the greatest heights correspond to the range of 162.9 and 203.4 mg dm -3 , and the other variables were adjusted by linear regression.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are nutrients that are directly involved in the entire life cycle of plants. Wood ash is solid with high or low concentrations of phosphorus and potassium depending on the material of vegetable origin. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tropical grasses in 2 cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha resulting from differing doses of wood ash. Completely randomised design in a 6x2 factorial with 6 doses of vegetable ash (0; 3; 6, 9; 12 and 15 g dm -3) and 2 cultivars of B. brizantha (Marandu and Xaraes) with 6 replications. In the first cut, the nitrogen concentration in the shoots of Marandu grass increased by 65.13%, and the potassium concentration increased by 36.12 and 42.37% in the Marandu and Xaraes grasses, respectively. In the third section, the phosphorus concentration in the shoots of both grasses increased 38.78%. In the roots of the Marandu and Xaraes grasses, the concentrations of phosphorus and potassium increase by 25.17 and 35.93%, respectively. The wood ash as fertiliser improves the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and roots of the tropical grasses Marandu and Xaraes.
While nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and sulphur are required by plants in lower amounts than the amounts required of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, these nutrients are as important as those required for the growth and development of plants. Varying concentrations of calcium and magnesium can be found in wood ash as residue, which may have a high percentage of these nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in Brachiaria brizantha, a genus of tropical grasses, as a function of the levels of wood ash. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial of 6 × 2, corresponding to 6 doses of wood ash (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 g dm-3) and 2 cultivars of B. brizantha (Marandu and Xaraes), and was completed with 6 replicates. Experimental characteristics included the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in the dry mass of the shoots and roots of Marandu and Xaraes. The variance of the results was analyzed using an F test at a 5% probability. For wood ash, we performed a regression analysis, and for tropical grasses, we performed a Tukey test at a 5% probability. In the three sections, the highest concentrations of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in the shoots and roots of Marandu and Xaraes are between the wood ash doses of 7.72 and 11.79 g dm-3 , respectively. The wood ash influences the nutritional characteristics of the grasses by increasing the concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the shoots of Marandu and Xaraes, respectively, in excess of 42 to 29% and greater than 77 and 39% increments for the roots. The average concentrations of magnesium in shoots of Marandu and Xaraes were 0.87 and 0.94 g kg-1 , respectively, while the roots had concentrations of 0.94 and 0.95 g kg-1 , respectively. Wood ash as a fertilizer promotes significant changes in the nutritional characteristics of the grasses Marandu and Xaraes when planted in Cerrado Oxisol.
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