Introduction/Background: Spinal surgeries make high demands on appropriate training simulations and cannot be fully trained in simulation scenarios so far. The complex anatomical structures and haptic characteristics, as well as the lack of integration of X-ray control, which are important constituents in real surgeries, are the major limiting factors. So far, spinal surgeries are either gradually learned in real surgeries under the guidance and supervision directly on the patient or in wetlab courses on animal spinal preparations of swine and sheep or human cadavers. 1-3 Both Methods show disadvantages. Firstly, concerning the patient safety, as well as high costs, ethical and hygienic aspects and the limited availability. 4 Furthermore, X-ray controls are usually integrated for operations that have the objective of inserting metal implants (e.g. cage implantation). This is an essential part for establishing the operating area and the position control of the implant during and immediately after the surgery. In trainings, X-ray control is usually used only in limited form. Reasons are the high radiation exposure for participants, as well as the disproportionate high costs and technical requirements of real fluoroscopic equipment in training centers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.