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Statistical topic models such as the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)

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When users need to find something on the Web that is related to a place, chances are place names will be submitted along with some other keywords to a search engine. However, automatic recognition of geographic characteristics embedded in Web documents, which would allow for a better connection between documents and places, remains a difficult task. We propose an ontology-driven approach to facilitate the process of recognizing, extracting, and geocoding partial or complete references to places embedded in text. Our approach combines an extraction ontology with urban gazetteers and geocoding techniques. This ontology, called OnLocus, is used to guide the discovery of geospatial evidence from the contents of Web pages. We show that addresses and positioning expressions, along with fragments such as postal codes or telephone area codes, provide satisfactory support for local search applications, since they are able to determine approximations to the physical location of services and activities named within Web pages. Our experiments show the feasibility of performing automated address extraction and geocoding to identify locations associated to Web pages. Combining location identifiers with basic addresses improved the precision of extractions and reduced the number of false positive results. Geoinformatica (2011) 15:609-631

Brazil has one of South America's largest information technology (IT) communities. One hundred million people voted electronically for President and congress in 2004, and 97 percent of all income tax declarations are submitted via the Internet. Over 20,000 students graduate every year in computer science alone, and two of the federal government's four industrial priorities are related to IT -software and semiconductors. Though women represent 60 percent of the country's college graduates, less than 5 percent choose Computer Science as a major. Programs to foster gender equality have little intersection with the national digital inclusion program. This paper points out actions that may be considered to allow Brazilian women to become full citizens of the information society. These actions concern formal and informal means of education, and on visibility and advocacy.