DURING LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY MEXICO CITY, UNIVERSITY TRAINED PHYSICIANS ATTEMPTED TO DOMINATE THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND TO DIFERENTIATE THEMSELVES FROM WHAT THEY CONSIDERED TO BE OLLEGAL COMMUNITY AND THE SHARED VALUES OF THEIR SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION AND SOCIAL DISTINCTION THEY WANTED TO SEE IN PLACE BETWEEN THEMSELVES AND THE ´ OTHER´ WAS DIFFICULT TO DEFINE, AND EVEN MORE SO TO ENFORCE. THIS ARTICLE SEEKS TO SHED LIGHT ON THE EMPHASIS OF THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR MEDICINE DURING PORFIRIAN MEXICO.
This article explores why alongside sanitary legislation and public health works, Mexican physicians of the late nineteenth century attempted to transform the habits, customs and day to day activities of the population. It stresses the importance that the teaching of the principles of private and public hygiene had for the future of the country, how this education was to be carried out, and why some members of the medical profession believed that the hygienic education of mothers/women was an unavoidable requirement for the progress of the nation.
Este artíículo analiza por quéé durante las déécadas finales del siglo diecinueve, el gremio méédico mexicano consideraba que era absolutamente indispensable que los habitantes del paíís, y en particular las mujeres de la capital, contaran con una cultura de la higiene. No sóólo era fundamental sanear y ordenar a la ciudad de Mééxico mediante obras de infraestructura sanitaria, y emitir leyes que regularan la salubridad de la nacióón, sino que era igualmente importante, y quizáás máás urgente, que los habitantes transformaran sus háábitos y costumbres de acuerdo con lo establecido por la higiene púública y privada. Asimismo, el artíículo examina los méétodos mediante los cuales se procuróó crear una cultura de la higiene, y por quéé la madre de familia fue considerada como una aliada imprescindible para la empresa de los higienistas.
EL ARTÍCULO ANALIZA CÓMO CONCIBIERON Y DEFINIERON LAS AUTORIDADES DE SALUD EL TRABAJO DE LA ENFERMERA VISITADORA DURANTE LA DÉCADA DE 1920 EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, CENTRO DE LA VIDA POLÍTICA, SOCIAL Y CULTURAL DEL PAÍS DESPUÉS DE UNA DÉCADA DE VIOLENCIA, ENFERMEDAD E INSALUBRIDAD. PARA EL DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUBRIDAD PÚBLICA ERA ESENCIAL ELEVAR LA ESPERANZA DE VIDA DE LOS MEXICANOS Y PREVENIR LA MUERTE DE LOS NIÑOS MENORES DE DOS AÑOS. PARA ELLO, LAS AUTORIDADES DE SALUD CONSIDERARON ESENCIAL TRANSFORMAR LOS HÁBITOS Y LAS COSTUMBRES DE LA POBLACIÓN CALIFICADOS COMO IRRESPONSABLES, INSALUBRES Y CONTRARIOS A LAS CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, Y LA ENFERMERA VISITADORA SE ERIGIÓ EN EL ESLABÓN FUNDAMENTAL ENTRE LAS AUTORIDADES DE SALUD Y EL PÚBLICO EN GENERAL EN MATERIA DE MEDICINA PREVENTIVA.
Health education and propaganda acquired importance during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Mexico City, as physicians, hygienists, and schoolteachers attempted to teach the principles of public health to a culturally and socially heterogeneous urban population.I explore the organization of the Popular Hygiene Exhibition of 1910 and the importance of health education before and after the armed phase of the Mexican Revolution, and why children and the indigenous populations became the main recipients of health education programs.
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