Twelve commercial clones of poplar were cultured in vitro from meristem lips (0.3–0.5 mm diameter), shoot tips (4–6 mm long) and nodal segments (5–10 mm long). Shoot‐producing cultures were obtained from 4, 32 and 70% of meristem lips, shoot tips and nodal segments within 12, 6 and 4 weeks, respectively. The genotype of cultures had a greater influence on development of shoot‐producing cultures than medium composition. Cultivars Max/Ber and Oxford had the highest rates of establishment in culture and subsequent shoot proliferation, while P. tacamahaca, P. trichocarpa and cv. Robusta exhibited very low rates of establishment and low vigor in vitro. Shoot tip development was best on agar‐solidified medium whereas liquid medium resulted in vitrification. Higher rates of axillary shoot production from established cultures were obtained with benzyladeninc or zeutin than with 2‐isopen‐tenyladenine. deducting the benzyladenine concentration from 4,4 to 1.1 μM, increased the production of elongated shoots suitable for rooting.
Cultures were initiated from meristems (0.5 mm) of the rose cultivar Queen Elizabeth (floribunda) and from both shoot-tips and nodal explants (3-5 mm) of cultivars Sunburst Red, Toy Clown (miniatures) and Fiona (ground cover). Average proliferations of 5.0, 3.1, 1.3 and 2.5 shoots were obtained per culture cycle respectively on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with BA (1.0 mg 1-~ ), NAA (0.1 mg 1-1) and GA 3 (0.1 mg 1-1 ). With cv. Fiona, the proliferation rate was more than doubled by removal of the shoot apex. The rate of proliferation of cv. Queen Elizabeth was significantly increased by using long shoots (> 2 cm in length) and by re-culturing shoots to fresh medium every 3 weeks. In vitro rooting percentage with cv. Queen Elizabeth was enhanced by using long shoots ( > 2 cm) and by dilution of MS medium to 1/4 strength. Transfer of shoots for direct rooting in compost was significantly improved by pre-culturing shoots for two weeks in vitro in media containing IAA, and by the use of sorbarods.
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