Sildenafil relaxes the augmented tone of human IAS in vitro. These results support the potential use of this PDE5 inhibitor in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
Abstract:The change in the generation mix from conventional electricity sources to renewables has important implications for bidding behaviour and may have an impact on prices. The main goal of this work is to discover the role played by expected wind production, together with other relevant factors, in explaining the day-ahead market price through a data panel model. The Spanish market, given the huge increase in wind generation observed in the last decade, has been chosen for this study as a paradigmatic example. The results obtained suggest that wind power forecasts are a new key determinant for supply market participants when bidding in the day-ahead market. We also provide a conservative quantification of the effect of such trading strategies on marginal prices at an hourly level for a specific year in the sample. The consequence has been an increase in marginal price to levels higher than what could be expected in a context with notable wind penetration. Therefore, the findings of this work are of interest to practitioners and regulators and support the existence of a wind risk premium embedded in electricity prices to compensate for the uncertainty of wind production.
El objeto de este artículo es presentar los primeros resultados de la investigación realizada sobre las concesiones de indultos en España durante los años 2000-2008. Ante la falta de estadísticas de acceso público, se construyó una amplia base de datos que ha permitido conocer el número de indultos concedidos y su distribución conforme a distintas variables. La investigación ha posibilitado así obtener una importante información sobre la práctica del indulto y contrastar algunos datos oficiales, además de diversas hipótesis de trabajo sobre cada una de las variables analizadas (número de indultos concedidos, sexo de la persona beneficiaria, delito indultado, órgano sentenciador, pena afectada, extensión del indulto, condiciones aplicadas, gobierno y ministro firmante). El interés del trabajo reside tanto en los resultados obtenidos — considerando la falta de otros estudios sobre el tema—, como en que permite conocer ciertos aspectos sobre las políticas públicas en materia de criminalidad.
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