Emissions from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine contain a large number of nanoparticles that are harmful to human health and the environment. The use of fuel optimizers, i.e. fuel additives, potentially reduce emissions, particulate matter (PM), and improve combustion characteristics. In this study, the engine-out exhaust emissions, fuel consumption and particle size distribution emitted from a diesel engine were evaluated using a mixture of 11% biodiesel and 89% mineral diesel (named B11), containing 10 ppm of sulfur; a second blend with an optimizer (called B11x) and a third fuel of 100% mineral diesel (named B0). The engine was kept at a constant load of 15 N.m at a speed of 1700 rpm (BMEP of 0.23 MPa) coupled with a dynamometer. A mobility nanoparticle spectrometer was used, as well as a gas analyzer and a dilution system type CVS (Constant Volume Sampling), which has been used to dilute the exhaust gas to collect the PM. In general, the results of the experiment indicated that the addition of biodiesel promoted an increase in fuel consumption; in the emission of emitted particles and no variations in gaseous emissions. The additive was effective only in reducing particulate emissions under the conditions and concentrations tested.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the deposition in the respiratory tract of nanoparticles (11.5nm to 365.2nm) from the burning of diesel, biodiesel and additives. The studied fuels were pure diesel (D), binary mixture of pure diesel with 11% biodiesel (B11) and ternary mixture of pure diesel, with 11% biodiesel and with the biocatalyst Xmile (B11X). The impact of nanoparticles on health was assessed using the MPPD lung model. From the tests, the burning of the studied fuels showed concentration of number of particles in the accumulation mode (50nm to 120 nm). When comparing fuels, it was clear that B11 emits more particles and has a greater deposition capacity in the lung. B11X has been shown to be efficient in reducing pollutant emissions as well as impacting human health.
This study aimed to evaluate the deposition in the respiratory tract of nanoparticles (11.5nm to 365.2nm) from the burning of diesel, biodiesel, and additives. The studied fuels were pure diesel (D), a binary mixture of pure diesel with 11% biodiesel (B11), and a ternary mixture of pure diesel, with 11% biodiesel and with the biocatalyst Xmile (B11X). The impact of nanoparticles on health was assessed using the MPPD lung model. From the tests, the burning of the studied fuels showed a concentration of some particles in the accumulation mode (50nm to 120 nm). When comparing fuels, it was clear that B11 emits more particles and has a greater deposition capacity in the lung. B11X is efficient in reducing pollutant emissions as well as impacting human health.
Due to the need to discover methods that can measure the toxicity level of fresh and marine water quality, this study aimed to present a systematic review of the literature, indicating the culture conditions and toxicological tests used for different Daphnia species in the evaluation of water quality. Thus, the applied methodology was a systematic review that identified studies that addressed the application of Daphnia in the assessment of water quality. The results obtained from this research consisted of a compilation of articles, which presented the parameters most analyzed in Daphnia species, such as mobility and mortality, which can change when exposed to different chemical substances.
Resumo: Estudos mostram que a exposição ao material particulado (MP) oriundo de processos de combustão veicular pode causar sérios riscos à saúde humana, uma vez que o grau de impacto do MP no sistema respiratório irá depender do seu tamanho e composição. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática em busca de informações que podem abordar a problemática em questão, evidenciando causas e soluções que possam permitir um maior entendimento do tema. Foi possível concluir que a China é um país que se destaca no número de mortes causadas pela emissão de MP, diante de um cenário urbano altamente poluído. Além disso, partículas finas (MP2,5) são as mais recorrentes de incidência de doenças respiratórias, uma vez que são emitidas principalmente por atividades industriais e emissões veiculares. Palavras-Chave: material particulado; saúde humana; sistema respiratório; emissões veiculares.
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