Objective: Malnutrition is a common and relevant syndrome in elderly people due to its influence on quality of life. The main aim of the present study was to identify health determinants of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. Design: Cross-sectional study collecting information on sociodemographic and health factors (co-morbidity, cognitive or affective problems, prescription medication use, frailty status, self-rated health) as determinants of nutritional status, assessed by the short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Setting: Forty-three senior centres from Galicia (north-western Spain) participated to recruit participants. Subjects: A representative community-dwelling sample of 749 elderly people aged ≥65 years. Results: Of the total participants, 14·3 % were malnourished/at risk of malnutrition. Presence of overweight or obesity, depressive symptoms, polypharmacy (use of five or more prescription medications), presence of pre-frailty or frailty status and poor selfrated health showed the strongest relationship to malnutrition/risk of malnutrition. This model predicted 86·0 % of the cases correctly. The best determinants for women were polypharmacy and poor self-rated health, reaching 82·8 % of cases of malnourishment/risk of malnutrition predicted correctly. In men, the main determinants were overweight or obesity, depressive symptomatology and polypharmacy, with 89·8 % of cases of malnourishmen/risk of malnutrition predicted correctly. Conclusions: Screening for nutritional status and its determinant factors should be included as part of comprehensive assessments to ensure an early screening of malnutrition and to propose possible intervention strategies that would be important for both elderly people and the health-care system.
Keywords
Prevalence Malnutrition Malnutrition risk Mini Nutritional Assessment ElderlyMalnutrition is a frequent syndrome in the elderly. It refers to faulty or inadequate nutritional status, undernourishment characterized by insufficient dietary intake, poor appetite, muscle wasting and weight loss (1) . Malnutrition prevalence varies from 10 % to 85 % in different older age groups around the world due to the different assessment methods used (2) . A combined database (3) from all five continents including 4507 people reported a mean prevalence of 22·8 %, with considerable differences among settings (rehabilitation, 50·5 %; hospital, 38·7 %; nursing home, 13·8 %; community, 5·8 %). In this combined database, the 'at risk' group had a mean prevalence of 46·2 %. In Spain, a prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly living at home of 12·5 % was reported and 57·5 % for those who were at risk (4) .Nutritional status or nutritional risk screening should be incorporated in comprehensive assessments of the elderly population (5) . Age-associated physiological and psychological alterations, functional or cognitive impairment and socio-economic aspects are considered among the main determinants of malnutrition (6) , being associated with multiple risk factors (7)(8)(9) : ...
