Objective:The purposes of this study were to (1) illustrate how remote workers engage with an employer-provided mindfulness meditation app in the workplace and (2) examine the relationship between workplace app engagement, team mindfulness, and psychological safety among remote workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to employees within the United States who had received a subscription to Calm as part of their health benefits. Employees reported on three types of engagement with the Calm app in the context of the workplaceopportunities use to Calm together during the workday, using Calm with team members, and discussing Calm content with teams -and completed measures of team mindfulness and psychological safety. Fixed-effects regression models were used to assess effects of workplace app engagement on psychological safety and team mindfulness in remote workers. Results: Of 60,000 workers contacted, 801 employees completed the survey (1.3%) and 437 were full-time remote workers (0.7%). Only 20% of remote workers reported having opportunities to use Calm at work. Opportunities to use Calm at work was positively associated with team mindfulness (β = 2.39, p = 0.005) and psychological safety (β = 1.85, p = 0.005). Using Calm with team members was only significantly associated with team mindfulness (β = 2.99, p = 0.046) and discussing Calm with team members was only significantly associated with psychological safety (β = 1.17, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Creating opportunities for employees to engage with a mindfulness meditation app while at work may help foster team mindfulness and psychological safety, especially for remote workers. Considering the research limitations, future studies should investigate longitudinal relationships within workplace teams.
Summary.-The cytotoxicity of 3 electron-affinic radiosensitizers has been studied in Chinese hamster V-79 cells as a function of pH and modest hyperthermia. When equitoxic concentrations were used and temperature was increased from 34 to 41°C metronidazole, the compound with the lowest electron affinity showed the greatest enhancement of hypoxic-cell toxicity, and nitrofurantoin, the compound with the highest electron affinity, the least. The results can be explained if the mechanisms of toxicity involves a redox reaction, since it would be expected that the least toxic compound (lowest electron affinity) would have the largest activation energy and hence the greatest temperature effect. This appears to hold for these 3 compounds.Experiments also showed that nitrofurantoin which exhibits no increase in toxicity when the temperature was increased from 37 to 41°C at pH 7*4, showed an increase in toxicity for the same temperature change at the pH of 7-0 and 6-6.Under aerobic conditions only metronidazole showed significant toxicity at 41°C, where the differential between aerobic and hypoxic cell toxicity was minimal, both at pH 7*4, and at the low pH values of 7-0 and 6-6.In the clinical setting there is evidence that tumour cells are at a lower pH than their surrounding normal tissues. Hypoxic-cell cytotoxicity is enhanced at low pH, and even further enhanced at low pH in combination with a temperature of 41°C. However, this finding correlates conversely with electron affinity. Thus, the radiosensitizer (and trichomonicide) metronidazole is most influenced by low pH and high temperature with the nitroimidazole, misonidazole, demonstrating a smaller enhancement due to higher temperatures.
Summary.-A quantitative, cytochemical assay for measuring lysosomal enzymes in the peripheral nerves of mice has been developed. That the time course of lysosomal enzyme changes after misonidazole (MISO) treatment reflects the degree of neurotoxicity of this agent in the mouse, has been confirmed by the use of two known neurotoxic compounds: methyl mercury and acrylamide. This effect is specific to the peripheral nerves and was not found in liver, kidney, heart or cerebral cortex. Enzyme activities varied with mouse strain and sex, as did the response to MISO treatment. Of the mice studied, female C57 gave the greatest increase in p-glucuronidase activity. With the MISO dose of 0-6 mg/g/dose the increased enzyme activity was independent of the route of administration and appeared to approach a plateau after 5 daily doses.
Evidence has been presented indicating that a sufficient intake of a carboxylic cation exchanger in the potassium cycle increases the stool output of sodium in absolute as well as in relative terms (1)(2)(3)(4). Two other findings accompanying the use of this form of the resin are noteworthy: a) a significant proportion of the potassium taken with or as part of the resin can be retained in the body and b) ingestion of this particular resin does not produce acidosis. Its efficiency in removing sodium is probably not as great, however, as that of either the hydrogen or the ammonium forms of the resin, each of which interferes with potassium absorption and induces a metabolic acidosis. The first half of this paper deals with findings observed during the simultaneous administration of the two types of resin in equal proportions, i.e., potassium cycle mixed with either the hydrogen or the ammonium cycle, as well as in mixtures in which the acidifying resin predominated.The second half of this report describes results obtained during the use of resin mixtures with ACTH or cortisone or both. The expanding recourse to adrenal cortical effects in the therapy of a wide variety of disease states (5-7) has further emphasized that prolonged therapy is frequently not possible because of two particularly undesirable concomitants, i.e., sodium retention and potassium depletion. It seems probable that these side effects by necessitating interruption or intermittency of treatment deprive patients of benefits which might be otherwise obtainable. The combined resin and steroid or hormone studies herein presented describe attempts at prevention or deferment of such deviations in cation metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODSEqual parts of the acidifying and non-acidifying exchange resins were administered in capsules for a daily total of 24 to 60 g. to hospitalized children or adults during 16 periods three to seven days in length. Mixtures preponderating in the acidifying resin, i.e., 75 to 80% in the ammonium or hydrogen cycle, were given in eight subsequent studies in four patients. In the final group of experiments four parts of ammonium or hydrogen form resin and one part of the potassium resin were administered to patients undergoing treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone or cortisone. In all three groups of studies control periods were included when possible. The experimental procedures and other pertinent information have been described earlier (1, 2). The dietary regimens employed, the results of blood and serum analyses, and the available balance data are presented in tabular form. To assist interpretation the findings have been expressed statistically wherever possible and presented in graphic form. RESULTS
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