In this article the authors focus on definitions, incidence, perceptions and reactions to sexual harassment as analysed in various tertiary education institutions, including selected overseas universities, some South African universities, and most specifically in depth at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg (UNP). Data were obtained from 1082 students on the UNP campus who responded to a questionnaire. It was found that sexual harassment in varying degrees of severity is widespread on the UNP campus and that gender and cultural difterences played a part in the perception of sexual harassment and its incidence. It was also found that students are dissatisfied with the preventive actions of authorities and are ready themselves to take part in action for curbing sexual harassment on campus. The relevance of this study has been clearly demonstrated by making authorities and students aware of, for instance, circumstances conducive to sexual harassment (e.g. Rag Week, parties, weekends), and the impact of the type of accommodation on the students' experience of sexual harassment (e.g. 'digs' compared to parents or university residences). Based on the findings a number of recommendations for actions are made.Die fokus van hierdie studie val op definisies, voorkoms, persepsies en reaksies teenoor seksuele treitering, soos geanaliseer in versksie inrigtings vir tersiere opvoedkunde soos sekere oorsese universiteite, sekere SuidAfrikaanse universiteite, en met spesifiek 'n grondige studie by die Universiteit van Natal, Pietermaritzburg (UNP). Data is verkry van 1 082 (hoofsaaklik voorgraadse) studente op die UNP kampus wat gereageer het op 'n ondersook gebaseer op 'n vraelys. Dit was bevind dat seksuele treitering in wisselende grade van erns algemeen op die UNP kampus voorkom, en dat geslag an kulturele verskille 'n rol speel in die persepsie van seksuele treitering en die insidensie daarvan. Dit was ook bevind dat daar ontevredenheid onder die studente heers oor voorsorqrnaatreels deur die owerhede, en dat hulle self gereed is om deel te neem aan aksie om sek-suele treitering op kampus teen te werk. Die toepaslikheid van hierdie studie is uitdruklik gedemonstreer deur-dat owerhede en studente bewus gemaak is van omstandighede wat bevorderlik is vir seksuele treitering (bv. Joolweek, partytjies, naweke), en die inslag van die tipe verblyf op die studente se ondervinding van sek-suele treltering (bv. kommunes, in verlyking met ouerhuise of Universiteitskoshuise). 'n Aantal aanbevelinge vir aksie in hierdie verband word gedoen a.d.h.v. die bevindinge
The paper discusses the problems and prospects in the application of psychology in an African country, viz., Zambia. Lack of comprehensive policy of the government on manpower development, training and finance, and lack of coordination and fragmentation of research activities between the different departments, institutions and associations have been analysed. There is also the problem of lack of sensitivity to the cultural realities. Priority research areas of psychology in Zambia have been identified.
with sex and cultural setting. I found this study interesting for its theoretical approach and for its metllodology. The results are sometimes fuzzy but they can provide the basis for more focused investigations.Fend's chapter explores the interaction between the development of ego-strength and the pattern of relationships in which adolescents engage. The results presented are based on the Constance Longitudinal study of adolescents aged 12 to 16. The importance of this study is its emphasis on intra-individual change in ego-strength and relationships in adolescence. The results showed that 'objective' life events have only a weak relationship to a decline in egostregth, with subjective interpretations of the events being more important than their actual occurrence. Contrary to the general and widely held assumption that peers are of overriding importance for the personal well-being of adolescents, Fend found that the quality of the parent-child relationship was even more important.The chapter by Silbereisen and Noack presents some of the results emerging from data collected in another longitudinal study, this time in Berlin. Their main concern is on variations in perceptions of the relationship between present state and future state as young people progress through adolescence. Development and patterns of change are seen as resulting from the individual's own initiative and effort.Adolescents were asked to judge their 'present state of development' and 'future time perspectives' with regard to the same development. The areas under scrutiny were peer integration, occupational preparation and intimate relationships. The interaction between the present and future aspirations; and the self-esteem of the subjects were investigated. The results are sometimes as expected but more often baffling. Pernaps the measures used such as the self-esteem need some further thought or it may be that other intervening variables which were not part of the investigation are clouding the picture.The central thesis of Chapter 8 by Youniss and Smollar is that concepts of persons including that of the self are constructed within the context of personal relationships that structure the kind of interactions taking place within them and thus bias experiences of the self and others. The goal of this paper is to illustrate developmental advances pertaining to relationships and how these advances are reflected in the self-concept of children and adolescents. According to the authors and the studes they present, two distinct conceptions of self-development: one during childhood and one during adolescence. The first one is founded on the relationship with parents while the second one is based on the relationships with friends. The relationship with parents provides children with restricted views of themselves because the structure of the relationship is based on the 'unilateral authority' inherent in it. In friendship the child learns that others are fallible and vulnerable, the interactions within this kind of relationship take the form of 'sym...
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